Longitudinal diffusion, capillary zone

From Eq. 17.26 it is clear that the variance due to longitudinal diffusion is negatively influenced by the length of the capillary and the diffusion coefficient of the solute. However, it is positively affected by the applied potential and the apparent mobility of a solute. According to this equation, fast migrating zones will show less variance due to axial diffusion. 

FLOW. The rate at which zones migrate down the column is dependent upon equilibrium conditions and mobile phase velocity on the other hand, how the zone broadens depends upon flow conditions in the column, longitudinal diffusion, and the rate of mass transfer. Since there are various types of columns used in gas chromatography, namely, open tubular columns, support coated open tubular columns, packed capillary columns, and analytical packed columns, we should look at the conditions of flow in a gas chromatographic column. Our discussion of flow will be restricted to Newtonian fluids, that is, those in which the viscosity remains constant at a given temperature. 

The major source of band-broadening in CZE is longitudinal diffusion. Longitudinal diffusion refers to the axial diffusive spreading of the solute from the solute zone into the bulk solution as it travels down the capillary. The variance in peak width contributed by longitudinal diffusion is given by... 

Several dispersive processes contribute to zone broadening longitudinal diffusion, nonequilibrium and relaxation processes, spreading due to the external parts of the whole separation system, such as the injector, detector, connecting capillaries, and so forth. It has theoretically been found [2] that the resulting efficiency of the FFF, characterized by the height equivalent to a theoretical plate, can very accurately be described by... 

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) appears to be a most powerful technique, perhaps equaling the resolving power of IPG. If one assumes that longitudinal diffusion is the only significant source of zone broadening, then the number of theoretical plates N in CZE is given by [149] ... 

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