Sorption long-lived radionuclides

Allard, B., Kipatsi, H. and Rydberg, J., "Sorption of Long-Lived Radionuclides on Clay and Rock". Part I, KBS TR 55, 1977 Allard, B., Kipatsi, H. and Torstenfelt, B., "Sorption of Long-Lived Radionuclides on Clay and Rock", Part II, KBS TR 98,... 

Andersson, K., B. Torstenfelt, and B. Allard. 1982. Sorption behavior of long-lived radionuclides in igneous rock. Inti. Atomic Energy Agency Report lAEA-SM-257/20 111-31. 

The radionuclide with added carrier can be separated from most other long-lived radionuclides by precipitating silver or palladium iodide from dilute niuic acid solution. As indicated in Section 6.3.1, the oxidation state of radioiodine, of which there are several, must be well defined before a separation step can be trusted. Other purification techniques are solvent extraction of iodine oxidized to h into carbon tetrachloride followed by back extraction of the reduced iodide form into water, or sorption of 1 on anion-exchange resin followed by elution with a strong chloride solution (Kleinberg and Cowan 1960). These processes also lend themselves to concentrating the radionuclide from larger solution volumes to attain a lower detection limit. 

After a few years of storage, the main radioactive heat emitters in HLW are 90Sr and 137Cs. In addition, extremely long-lived actinides—neptunium, plutonium, americium, and curium—should be collected for transmutation in the future. Therefore, different flowsheets can be proposed for waste processing. It is possible to extract each radionuclide in the special extraction (sorption) cycle, for example, uranium and plutonium in the PUREX process, and after that, minor actinides (MAs) by the TRUEX process,4 strontium by the SREX process,5,6 and cesium by sorption7 or extraction.8... 

It is likely that it will be easier to gain acceptance for an MNA approach for radionuclides such as °Sr compared to 235/23Sy is because °Sr has a short half-life and uniformly strong sorption, whereas uranium isotopes have very long half-lives and complex sorption behavior. Strontium transport merely needs to be slowed enough to allow radioactive decay to remove the strontium, whereas demonstrating sorption irreversibihty might be a key component of an MNA remedy for uranium. MNA may be... 

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