Long-chain polar polymers

Fig. 7 Experimental steady state polarization curves of Zn(ll) electroreduction for various electrolytes (SI) additive-free bath (1.6 M ZnCh -E5.3 M KCl) (S2) industrial bath (1.6 M ZnCh -E 5.3 M KCl + long-chain polymer + pH buffer of pH 4.7) solution (S3) (1.6 M ZnCh -f 5.3 M KCl + long-chain polymer with the same additive at the concentration of 10 M in volume) [218] ...

The original Hildebrand and Scott equation was obtained on the premise that nonpolar liquids possessed a spherical symmetry. For liquids without symmetry, the molecules tend to orient. The result of orientation could contribute to the departure of the surface properties from the bulk properties of polar and hydrogen-bonded liquids. This departure should be enhanced in the case of a long-chain polymer. 

The main advantages for the high-pressure process compared to other PE processes are short residence time and the ability to switch from homopolymers to copolymers incorporating polar comonomers in the same reactor. The high-pressure process produces long-chain, branched products from ethylene without expensive comonomers that are required by other processes to reduce product density. Also, the high-pressure process allows fast and efficient transition for a broad range of polymers. 

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