Long chain alkyl glucosides

A. Corma, S. Iborra, S. Miquel, and J. Primo, Preparation of long-chain alkyl glucoside surfactants by one-step direct Fischer glucosidation, and by transace-talation of butyl glucosides, on beta zeolite catalysts, /. Catal., 180 (1998) 218-224. 

Figure 17.10. Two routes of preparation of alkyl glucosides (R is a long-chain alkyl)...

The most representative non-ionic surfactants are the alkyl (alcohol) ethoxylates. These are adducts of a long-chain alcohol (12—18) with a variable number of EO units (3-11). Other non-ionic surfactants are derived from carbohydrates (glucoside and glucamide derivatives), organosilicones, fatty alcohols, and amides. Products in this category are as follows (compare also Table 1.2) ... 

The alkyl glucoside surfactants break down into glucose and long-chain alcohol under acidic conditions. On the alkaline side, even at very high pH, they are... 

Alkyl glucosides are the acetal products from the reactions of a glucose source and long carbon chain primary alcohols or alcohol mixtures. A strong acid catalyst is also necessary for their production. 

One successful solution to overcome the problem of nonselective derivatization of carbohydrates was the glucosidation found by Fischer [12], The technical process is an adaptation of Fischer s synthesis using long-chain fatty alcohols and a controlled degree of polymerization. So alkyl polyglycosides (APG) with different application properties can be produced. 

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