Long alkyl chain derivative

Both of these modes have been achieved by oriented membranes of long alkyl chain derivatives of cyclodextrin. ... 

The solubility of purines in the required apolar solvents was, at first, a problem for this method. By using long alkyl chain derivatives of the appropriate purine base, 7V-glycosylation has been accomplished in the presence of a Lewis add. An example is the synthesis of adenosine via 2, 3, 5 -tri-(7-benzoyl-A -octanoyladcnosine (15). ... 

Conformational control of the product distribution by / -CD was confirmed by the behavior of long alkyl-chain derivatives. The yields of type II products decreased with an increase of the chain length owing to coinclusion of the alkyl moiety in the cavity in a conformation not suitable for H-abstraction [282]. 

Compounds of this type are prepared on an industrial scale and used mainly as cationic surfactants to the extent of about 300 000 tons per annum. They include several types of nitrogen-containing compounds and have one or more long alkyl chains derived mainly from tallow or coconut oil. 

Long Alkyl Chain Derivative of Cyclodextrin as a Channel Mimic. 

Figure 3. Schematic representations of the possible modes of controlling the permeability through an ordered layer of a long alkyl chain derivative of cyclodextrin by host-guest complexation. (a) Control of permeation through intermolecular voids, (b) Control of permeation through intramolecular channels. (Adapted from ref 14.)...

Nakahara H and Fukuda K 1983 Orientation of chromophores in monolayers and multilayers of azobenzene derivatives with long alkyl chains J. Colloid Interface Sol. 93 530-9... 

Dendrons 21-23 are easily prepared on a multi-gram scale and are highly soluble in common organic solvents thanks to the presence of the four long alkyl chains per peripheral fullerene unit. Therefore, they appear to be good candidates for the preparation of fullerene-rich macromolecules, for example, as shown by their attachment to a phenanthroline diol derivative and the preparation of the corresponding copper(I) complexes (see below). 

Fullerene derivative 34 substituted with two long alkyl chains (solubilizing groups) and a carboxylic function was used as peripheral subunit for the constructions of the dendrons (Fig. 14). 

Linear guest molecules are included along these canals in an extended planar zig-zag conformation. Branched molecules are generally excluded unless branching occurs near the end of a long linear chain, but aromatic derivatives can be included if they have a long alkyl chain 38). The review article by Takemoto and Sonoda 21) contains an excellent survey of the types of molecules known to form urea inclusion compounds and of the means used to study their detailed conformations and thermal motion. 

Another way for covalent immobilisation is to synthesise indicator chemistry with polymerizable entities such as methacrylate groups (Figure 4). These groups can then be copolymerized with monomers such as hydrophobic methyl methacrylate or hydrophilic acryl amide to give sensor copolymers. In order to obtain self-plasticized materials, methacrylate monomers with long alkyl chains (hexyl or dodecyl methacrylate) can be used. Thus, sensor copolymers are obtained which have a Tg below room temperature. Similarly, ionophores and ionic additives (quaternary ammonium ions and borates) can be derivatised to give methacrylate derivatives. 

Later, Tieke reported the UV- and y-irradiation polymerization of butadiene derivatives crystallized in perovskite-type layer structures [21,22]. He reported the solid-state polymerization of butadienes containing aminomethyl groups as pendant substituents that form layered perovskite halide salts to yield erythro-diisotactic 1,4-trans polymers. Interestingly, Tieke and his coworker determined the crystal structure of the polymerized compounds of some derivatives by X-ray diffraction [23,24]. From comparative X-ray studies of monomeric and polymeric crystals, a contraction of the lattice constant parallel to the polymer chain direction by approximately 8% is evident. Both the carboxylic acid and aminomethyl substituent groups are in an isotactic arrangement, resulting in diisotactic polymer chains. He also referred to the y-radiation polymerization of molecular crystals of the sorbic acid derivatives with a long alkyl chain as the N-substituent [25]. More recently, Schlitter and Beck reported the solid-state polymerization of lithium sorbate [26]. However, the details of topochemical polymerization of 1,3-diene monomers were not revealed until very recently. 

Figure 1 summarizes the chemical structures of the topochemically polymerizable 1,3-diene monomers providing stereoregular 1,4-trans polymer (Scheme 6) [ 16]. Most of the polymerizable monomers contain benzyl, naphthylmethyl, and long alkyl-chain substituents in their chemical structures. The (ZyZ)-, (E,Z)-, and ( , )-muconic and sorbic acids as well as the other diene carboxylic acids are used as the ester, amide, and ammonium derivatives. In contrast to this, the carboxylic acids themselves have crystal structures unfavorable for polymerization while they undergo [2-1-2] photodimerization, as has already been described in the preceding sections.

A series of esters of nuclear halogenated 3-carboxy-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3//)-ones show depressant activity, while the benzoate esters of substituted 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3f0-one are reported to function as coronary dUating agents," as do certain other compounds of this type." 3-(o-Haloaryl)-l,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3i/> ones are claimed to have antisecretory," anoretic, anticonvulsant, and hypoglycemic activity, and a variety of other 3-aryl derivatives are stated to be relaxants, tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics, or cramp inhibitors. A number of derivatives of 10, R = H, in which the 3-substituent is a long alkyl chain containing a terminal sulfonamide group have been claimed to act. as antidiabetics. ... 

Potentiometric sensing based on type 3 derivatives of a-, P-, and y-cyclodextrins has been reported.We have been interested in the type 1 cyclodextrin derivatives developed by Tagaki, e.g., host 41. This type of cyclodextrin derivative is characteristic in that the primary hydroxyl groups at the C-6 positions are exhaustively substituted with long alkyl chains. At the surface of an oiganic membrane, this structural feature allows the secondary hydroxyl side (wider open end of the cavity) to face the aqueous solution to accommodate a guest molecule. The interfacial receptor functions of these cyclodextrin hosts have been confirmed mainly by rt-A isotherm studies. 

The fatty acid-like leukotrienes derived from the addition of glutathione to products of the lipoxygenase branch of the arachidonic cascade are closely associated with manifestations of asthma. Many compounds designed to antagonize leukotrienes at the receptor level incorporate long alkyl chains to mimic the leukotrienes backbone in addition to the sulfur-containing moieties that stand in for glutathione. The reaction... 

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