Logistics advanced model

Thus, it is no surprise that logistics management has been transformed in the last 10 years from a largely manual process to a more automated one. Major advances in computer and communications technology and the introduction of the Internet and e-commerce have effected this trend. These developments provide new opportunities and increase expectations for a fast and flawless logistics process. The Internet also provides new models in how information systems ate deployed. For instance, companies may not need to own the sophisticated DSS— they are able to lease them based on their needs. This mode of deployment is now referred to as application service provider (ASP) and is considered one of the most important trends in information systems, especially for mid-sized companies who cannot afford expensive systems. 

Adjustment methods for confoimding fall into several categories stratification, mulhvariable models (such as logistic regression), and more advanced methods such as use of propensity scores or instrumental variables. 

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