Local evaporation line

Local evaporation line The isotopic composition of surface waters within catchments or within the same climatic region commonly plot on lines with slopes ranging from about 4 to 7 in space, due to equilibrium and kinetic fractionation effects... 

Figure 4. Isotopic compositions (bD versus b180) of four lakes in Vilas County, WI. The thick line is the local meteoric-water line (LMWL) determined from the data shown in Figure 2 the thin line is the evaporation line determined by the best-fit line for the four lakes shown here. Line segments plotted on the evaporation line represent specified ratios [GJ P/ calculated using eq 13.

Fig. 9.6 Isotopic composition of water sampled from wells in central Manitoba, Canada. The values fall close to the local meteoric line (<5D = 8.1<5lsO + 11). The researchers (Fritz et al., 1974) concluded that evaporation during recharge and isotopic exchange with aquifer rocks are insignificant.

USA). The precipitation samples define the LMWL (5D = 8.035 0 + 10.95), which is virtually identical to the GMWL. The lake samples plot along an evaporation line with a slope of 5.2 that intersects the LMWL at the eomposition of average local groundwater, with additional data (after Kendall et aL, 1995a). 

Fig. 3.4 Local evaporation rates vctsus r, the dimensionless radial distance to the center of a droplet. The black dotted line shows experimental results while the others are calculated results from models [51], Adapted with permission from ref. [51], Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society...

Droplet Evaporation, Fig. 1 (a) Left side simulated vapOT concentratirai (grayscale encoded) above a spherical-cap-shaped droplet. Right side isolines of vapor concentration. The inset shows the local evaporation rate (J) as function of the radial coordinate. The large concentration gradient (narrow isolines) leads to a diverging flux close to the three-phase contact line, (b)... 

The imprint of local conditions can also be seen at other coastal and continental stations. The examples in Table 3.1 demonstrate that varying influences of different sources of vapor with different isotope characteristics, different air mass trajectories, or evaporation and isotope exchange processes below the cloud base, may often lead to much more complex relationships at the local level between 8D and 8 0 than suggested for the regional or continental scale by the global Meteoric Water Line equation. 

Fig. 9.7 Isotopic composition of groundwaters of northern Chile. The values lie below the meteoric line of local precipitation, explained by the investigators (Fritz, et al., 1979) as reflecting secondary fractionation by evaporation prior to infiltration, or the presence of ancient waters that originated in a different climatic regime. The large variations in the groundwater compositions are useful in local groundwater tracing.

Fig. 13.4. Example of a discharge with silicon evaporation from a test limiter made of Si-doped CFC (SEP NS31). The figure shows the time traces of the local silicon fluxes from the limiter (Si/D), the line-integrated radiation of Si XII emission, the local surface temperature of the limiter measured at the location of maximal power loading, the energy loss due to plasma radiation (Prad), the radiation level 7 = Pia.d/P, the diamagnetic energy Fdia and the convective power on the test limiter P — Praa, respectively...

In this work, microscale evaporation heat transfer and capillary phenomena for ultra thin liquid film area are presented. The interface shapes of curved liquid film in rectangular minichannel and in vicinity of liquid-vapor-solid contact line are determined by a numerical solution of simplified models as derived from Navier-Stokes equations. The local heat transfer is analyzed in term of conduction through liquid layer. The data of numerical calculation of local heat transfer in rectangular channel and for rivulet evaporation are presented. The experimental techniques are described which were used to measure the local heat transfer coefficients in rectangular minichannel and thermal contact angle for rivulet evaporation. A satisfactory agreement between the theory and experiments is obtained. 

The raffinate is to be released to compacted-clay-lined evaporation ponds constructed in local sandstone and silty-sand formations. These formations contain a few percent of clays such as kaolinite and smaller amounts of calcite cement. You are asked to evaluate the capacity of the rock to neutralize the raffinate acid-... 

Such evaporation singularities can be very easily observed because the thickness profile of a thin liquid film locally reflects the rate of solvent removal. For very thin films, especially near the drying line, back flow due to gravitational draining can be neglected. The mass flux h(x+dx)uo carried into a fluid element dx, as shown in Figure 1, is balanced by the flux carried out by the substrate h(x)m and the mass lost through evaporation E(x)dx this observation leads to the continuity equation... 

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