Loading design criteria

Wind Load Design Criteria Wind load criteria for design of structure, buildings, towers, etc, and their parts shall conform with the requirements of the... 

NOTE The twice nozzle load requirement is a pressure casing design criterion. Allowable nozzle loads for piping designers are the values given in Table 4. Other factors such as casing support or baseplate stiffness affect allowable nozzle loads. 

The three most important properties of concrete used in calculations for load-bearing applications are the compressive strength, the tensile strength and the modulus. However, for certain applications, e.g. water-retaining structures, the permeability or porosity of the concrete will be a relevant design criterion and this is also considered here. 

The load balance of a parallel computation is a measure of the regularity of the completion of all concurrent tasks. In other words, when all parallel tasks at some phase of a calculation terminate (e.g., complete useful work) at the same time, that phase of calculation is said to be load-balanced. Generally, the completion of concurrent tasks is the most important design criterion, but applications can be unbalanced when they are initiated. Perfect load balance is rare for most parallel chemistry applications. Load balance is related to the granularity the more coarse grained an application is, the more difficult it can be to achieve load balance. Care must be taken to optimize an algorithm to produce a load-balanced application. 

Here we should actually check the IC datasheet to see the MAX value of the current limit range. For example, for a 5 A switcher the MIN value may be say 6 A (set high enough simply to guarantee full 5 A load capability with the usual 20% inductor design criterion mentioned above), but the MAX value of the current limit may be say 7 A over temperature and process variations, and depending upon how it may have been trimmed in production. 

Assumption 3 was used because of the absence of an appropriate fatigue design criterion for the sulfur-asphalt pavement material. The fatigue life was evaluated on the ability of the four pavement systems to withstand an 18 kip axle load for 106 applications. 

Fracture mechanics studies the effect of stress concentrations that occur when a load is applied to a body containing a void, independent of the geometry or material of the body. By this definition it would seem logical that the fracture toughness of a material, as determined by specific fracture mechanics techniques, would be an appropriate design criterion. 

To meet the designed deflection of no more dian 5% the pipe wall structure could be either a straight wall pipe with a thickness of about 1.3 cm (0.50 in.) or a rib wall pipe that provides the same stiffness. It has to be determined if the wall structure selected is of sufficient stiffness to resist the buckling pressures of burial or superimposed longitudinal loads. The ASME Standard of a four-to-one safety factor on critical buckling is used based on many years of field experience. To calculate the stiffness or wall thickness capable of meeting that design criterion one must know what anticipated external loads will occur (Fig. 4.26). 

An Annex to this ISO document provides a design criterion for adhesive bonding. In order to determine the bonded area, a simplified approach based on shear loading is proposed. Shear stresses should be limited to 20% of the nominal bond shear strength, that is, a safety factor of 5. This factor is intended to account for both stress concentrations in real joints and the viscoelastic (time and temperature dependent) nature of adhesives. Shear data values, to be used if test values are not available, are provided, O Table 48.3. 

Subsection A This subsection contains the general requirements applicable to all materials and methods of construction. Design temperature and pressure are defined here, and the loadings to be considered in design are specified. For stress failure and yielding, this section of the code uses the maximum-stress theory of failure as its criterion. 

A possible adjunct to the laminate design procedure is a specific laminate failure criterion that is based on the maximum strain criterion. In such a criterion, all lamina failure modes are ignored except for fiber failure. That is, matrix cracking is regarded as unimportant. The criterion is exercised by finding the strains in the fiber directions of each layer. When these strains exceed the fiber failure strain in a particular type of layer, then that layer is deemed to have failed. Obviously, more laminae of that fiber orientation are needed to successfully resist the applied load. That is, this criterion allows us to preserve the identity of the failing lamina or laminae so that more laminae of that type (fiber orientation) can be added to the laminate to achieve a positive margin of safety. 

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