Living Downstream

Coullard CM, Nellis P. 1999. Organochlorine contaminants in mummichog (flindulus heteroclitus) living downstream form a bleache-kraft pulp mill in the Miramichi estuary. New Brunswick, Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 18(ll) 2545-2556. 

Steingraber, S. (1998) Living Downstream An Ecologist Looks at Cancer and the Environment, Virago Press, London... 

Starkey, R. and Anderson, K. (2005) Domestic tradeable quotas A policy instrument for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy use , Tyndall Centre Technical Report 39, www. tyndall.ac.uk/publications, accessed December 2006 Steingraber, S. (1998) Living Downstream An Ecologist Looks at Cancer and the Environment-, Virago Press, London... 

When it comes to your unborn child, it s smart to be suspicious and start living a little more defensively. Since World War II, at least 75,000 new synthetic chemical compounds have been developed and released into the environment. (To find out how toxic your hometown is, go to Scorecard.org and type in your ZIP code. Very satisfying—if you happen to live in Marin County, California.) In her amazing book Living Downstream, ecologist, author, and cancer survivor Sandra Steingraber offers a wealth of evidence linking cancer and environmental contamination. 

Of the 518 persons participating in the study, including 44 commercial fishermen and their families, 96.3 percent gave blood specimens. The mean serum DDT level (76.2 parts per billion (ppb)) of 499 persons living downstream from the DDT manufacturing plant was about four times the national mean (16.7 ppb). 

Steingraber S. Living downstream An ecologist looks at cancer and the environment, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1997. 

Hundreds of people in Japan suffered from a degenerative bone disease called itai-itai because they drank water containing cadmium.9 They lived downstream from a mine and smelter that produced zinc and cadmium. In West Bengal, India, where 800,000 people drink well water containing over 50 /a/L arsenic, 200,000 people developed skin lesions from drinking the water.10 In Bangladesh, 70 million people drink well water containing arsenic.11 The problem... 

Example. A trap on a 150 psi steam line has been found to be blowing live steam on the basis of contact pyrometer measurements taken immediately upstream and downstream of the trap. The catalog rating of the trap is 5,000Ib/hr at saturation temperature (°F sub-cooled) at 150 psi. 

Also, corrosion may result in contamination at some downstream point in the steam-water cycle. For example, iron and copper ions often may be present as corrosion products in steam and condensate and consequently will reduce the purity of the steam. This may render the steam unsuitable for certain industrial processes or applications where live steam injection is required. 

The deposition of metals has also been studied by a large number of electrochemical techniques. For the deposition of Cu2+, for example, it is reasonable to ask whether both electrons are transported essentially simultaneously or whether an intermediate such as Cu+ is formed in solution. Such questions, like those of the ECE problem discussed above, have usually been investigated by forced convection techniques, since the rate of flow of reactant to and away from the electrode surface gives us an important additional kinetic handle. In addition, by using a second separate electrode placed downstream from the main working electrode, reasonably long-lived intermediates can be transported by the convection flow of the electrolyte to this second electrode and detected electrochemically. 

Held 2 weeks in live traps 1.6 km downstream from molybdenum tailings outfall ... 

Zeolites have an enormous impact on our daily lives, both directly and indirectly. For example, upstream hydrocarbons such as aromatics and olefins are produced using zeolite catalysts. The aromatics or olefins are then separated from the reaction mixtures using zeolite adsorbents. The purified components produced by these zeolite-based methods are then used in downstream processes to produce products that we use daily, such as clothes, furniture, foods, construchon materials and materials to build roads, automobile parts, fuels, gasoline, etc. In addihon to the indirect impacts mentioned above, zeolites also have a direct impact on our daily lives. For example, zeolites are used as builders in detergent formulations. 

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