Lithofacies

Yamagishi, H. (1989) Lithofacies of Neogene volcanic rocks and the eruptive history in Southwest Hokkaido. 

A case study is presented that demonstrates the importance of evaluating lithofacies distribution, or lateral and vertical heterogeneities, and depositional environment as a control on LNAPL occurrence and migration, and implementation of an effective and efficient remediation strategy. This is followed by a case history on the development of a long-term remedial strategy for LNAPL recovery and aquifer restoration from a regional perspective. 

IMPORTANCE OF LITHOFACIES CONTROL TO LNAPL OCCURRENCE AND RECOVERY STRATEGY... 

An important parameter in understanding LNAPL distribution and development of a recovery strategy in unconsolidated deposits is understanding the sedimentary architecture, as discussed in Chapter 3. Initial development of lithofacies maps is fundamental to this understanding. 

LNAPL occurrence was determined to reflect several factors, including, but not limited to, lithofacies control over LNAPL migration and volume, timing, rate, and... 

Horizontal view showing lithofacies control over LNAPL presence at the water table beneath a refinery site. 

FIGURE 12.22 Hydrogeologic cross section showing lithofacies and LNAPL presence beneath a refinery site. 

Sampling. Two sets of vibracores were collected at each site. A previously collected set was used, along with other cores in each area, to determine stratigraphic and sedimentologic relationships. Color, texture, and structure were used to establish different lithofacies, which were later verified or modified using x-ray radiography. Ash and total sulfur contents were then determined for channel samples of these units. 

Petrographic Work. Petrographic studies required preparation of thin sections. Briefly, rectangular blocks of material were treated with ethanol to remove water and then infiltered with hard grade LR White resin, a low viscosity resin developed for biological work. Following this, the block was mounted on a petrographic slide and a polished thin section produced (see Bailey and Blackson (26) and Blackson and Bailey (27)). A total of 57 sections were produced in this way, at least 1 from each thinner lithofacies unit and 2 from thicker lithofacies units. 

THE DISTRIBUTION OF CaC03 IN DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS AND CARBONATE LITHOFACIES... 

Figure 9 Depositional model for the Kuruman-Griquatown transition zone in a plan view, illustrating lithofacies distribution during drowning of the Kaapvaal craton (source Beukes and Klein, 1990).

LITHOFACIES AND TRANSPORT OF CLASTIC SEDIMENTS IN KARSTIC AQUIFERS... 

Fipure 12 Evolution of pore nctwortt complexity according to dilTerent degrees of dissolution in four lithofacies... 

Lithofacies a lateral, mappable division of a designated stratigraphic unit of any kind, distinguished from other adjacent subdivisions on the basic of lithologic characters. 

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