Lithium-graphite intercalation compounds

The first lithiated graphitic carbons (lithium-graphite intercalation compounds, abbreviated as Li-GIC s),... 

Billaud D., Henry F.X., Lelaurain M., and Willmann P. Revisited Structures of Dense and Dillute Stage II Lithium-Graphite intercalate Compounds. J. Phys. Chem Solids, 57, 775-781 (1996). 

Ohno, T. 1980. Electronic band structure of lithium-graphite intercalation compound C6Li../. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 49(Suppl. A) 899-902. 

Morkovich, V. Z. 1996. Synthesis and XPS investigation of superdense lithium-graphite intercalation compound, LiC2. Synth. Metals 80 243-247. 

Delhaes P, Manceau KP, Guerard D. Physical properties of first and second stage lithium graphite intercalation compounds. Synth Met 1980 2 277-284. 

Ohzuku T, Iwakoshi Y, Sawai K. Formation of lithium-graphite intercalation compounds in nonaqueous electrolytes and their application as a negative electrode for a lithium ion (shuttlecock) cell. J Electrochem Soc 1993 140 2490-2498. 

Group 1. - 7Li NMR spectroscopy was used to characterise a lithium/ graphite intercalation compound with a formula close to LiC 1 In situ solid-state 7Li NMR data were reported for lithium inserted into disordered carbon. There was evidence for both Lis+ and metallic lithium species.2 7Li and 13C solid-state NMR spectra were used to characterise a mesoporous tantalum oxide lithium fulleride (Ceo) composite material.3... 

Another important feature for lithium graphite intercalation compounds in Li -containing electrolytes is the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film. During the first-cycle discharge of a lithium/carbon cell, a part of lithium atoms transferred to the carbon electrode electrochemically will react with the nonaque-ous solvent, which contributes to the initial irreversible capacity. The reaction products form a Lb-conducting and electronically insulating layer on the carbon surface. Peled named this film as SEI. Once SEI formed, reversible Lb intercalation into carbon, through SEI film, may take place even if the carbon electrode potential is always lower than the electrolyte decomposition potential, whereas further electrolyte decomposition on the carbon electrode will be prevented. 

Eunabiki A, Inaba M, Abe T, Ogumi Z (1999) Nucleation and phase-boundary movement upon stage transformation in lithium-graphite intercalation compounds. Electrochim Acta 45 865... 

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