Lithium bond strengths

Waltersson, K. (1978). A method based upon bond strength ealeulations for finding probable lithium sites in crystal structures. Acta Cryst. A34, 901-5. Wang, Y. M., Li, Y. S., and Mitchell, K. A. R. (1997). LEED erystallographic analysis for the structure formed by 2 ML of O at the Zr (0001) surface. Surface Sci. 380, 540-7. 

The cohesiveness of metallic structures (equivalent to their bond strengths) is demonstrated by their enthalpies of atomization, Aa//e. The values for lithium and beryllium are 161 and 321 kJ mol, respectively. For comparison, the values for iron and tungsten metals are 418 and 844 kJ mol... 

The participation of the 2p band in the bonding of metallic beryllium explains the greater cohesiveness (bond strength) of the metal when compared to that of lithium, and also why the enthalpies of atomization and the melting temperatures of the two metals are different, as shown by the data in Table 7.2. 

The numerical values for these quantities have been extracted and summarized in Table V. These results did not surprise us, since they were predicted by ionic model calculations (19) as well as one ab initio Hartree-Fock calculation for lithium fluoride (20) (a subsequent one is also shown in Table V) which treated both monomer and dimer. However, the trend is opposite to that observed with metal and noble gas dimers, whose I.P. s are lower than the corresponding monomers. It is simply a consequence of the relative bonding strengths of the two units in the neutral and ionic forms. Alakll halide dimers are more stable as neutrals metal and noble gas dimers are generally more stable as ions. 

The stereochemistry of the reaction is also dependent on the halogen. The reaction of chiral l-halo-2,2-diphenylcyclopropane with 25 xm lithium dispersions containing 1% sodium produced the results shown in Table 16. It should be noted that the optical purity of the acid varies in the same order as the carbon-halogen bond strength Cl > Br > I. 

Waltersson, K. (1978). A Method Based upon Bond-Strength Calculations for Rnding Probable Lithium Sites in Crystal Structures . Acta Crystallogr. A34, 901-905. 

Shang SL, Wang Y, Mei ZG, Hui XD, Liu ZK (2012) Lattice dynamics, thomodynamics, and bonding strength of lithium-ion battery materials LiMP04 (M = Mn, Fe Co, and Ni) a comparative first-principles study. J Mater Chem 22 1142—1149... 

Waltersson K (1978) A method, based upon Bond-Strength calculations, for finding probable lithium sites in crystal structures. Acta Crystallogr A34 901-905... 

Metallurgy. Lithium forms alloys with numerous metals. Early uses of lithium alloys were made in Germany with the production of the lead alloy, BahnmetaH (0.04% Li), which was used for bearings for railroad cars, and the aluminum alloy, Scleron. In the United States, the aluminum alloy X-2020 (4.5% Cu, 1.1% Li, 0.5% Mn, 0.2% Cd, balance Al) was introduced in 1957 for stmctural components of naval aircraft. The lower density and stmctural strength enhancement of aluminum lithium alloys compared to normal aluminum alloys make it attractive for uses in airframes. A distinct lithium—aluminum phase (Al Li) forms in the alloy which bonds tightly to the host aluminum matrix to yield about a 10% increase in the modules of elasticity of the aluminum lithium alloys produced by the main aluminum producers. The density of the alloys is about 10% less than that of other stmctural aluminum alloys. 

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