Solid-liquid phase-transfer catalysis condensation

Solid-liquid solvent-free phase transfer catalysis (PTC) is specific for anionic reactions including numerous alkylations, eliminations and anionic additions. The coupling of PTC conditions and microwave irradiation was applied to numerous alkylations, eliminations, anionic condensations, and... 

Gas-liquid phase-transfer catalysis (GL-PTC) relies on the use of thermally stable PT catalysts adsorbed onto a solid support, which can also act as a source of the desired nucleophile. Reactions are carried out at a temperature that ensures that the catalyst is in a molten state and that reagents are in the vapor phase, and that the chemical transformation occurs in the organic microphase of molten catalyst. The products are recovered after condensation outside the reaction vessel. Only catalysts having melting points lower then the process temperature <180°C are active, but despite this limitation, GL-PTC is a versatile technique that has been applied to a number of chemical transformations. 

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