Polyacrylamides liquid

Bode, H-J, The Use of Liquid Polyacrylamide in Electrophoresis III. Properties of Liquid Polyacrylamide in the Presence of Cellulose Acetate, Analytical Biochemistry 92, 99, 1979. Bowman, CN Peppas, NA, A Kinetic Gelation Method for the Simulation of Free-Radical Polymerizations, Chemical Engineering Science 47, 1411, 1992. 

Mix the gel gently according to Table 2.5 and introduce it into the cassette without delay. Insert the comb into the liquid polyacrylamide mixture. Polymerization proceeds at room temperature. 

Bode HJ (1977) The use of liquid polyacrylamide in electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 83364-371. 

Chiari M, Nesi M, Righetti PG (1993) Movement of DNA fragments during capillary zone electrophoresis in liquid polyacrylamide. J Chromatogr 652 31-39. 

Liquid polyacrylamides are available as solutions, inverse (water-in-oil) emulsions, or dispersions. Dry polyacrylamides are available as powders from a dried gel or as beads from a water-in-oil suspension process. Polyacrylamides are formed from the radical chain polymerization of aCTylamide with cationic or aitioitic monomers, which is a highly exothermic... 

POWDERS,HANDLING - DISPERSION OF POWDERS IN LIQUIDS] (Vol 19) -polyacrylamides in [ACRYLAMIDE POLYMERS] (Voll)... 

Beaded acrylamide resins (28) are generally produced by w/o inverse-suspension polymerization. This involves the dispersion of an aqueous solution of the monomer and an initiator (e.g., ammonium peroxodisulfates) with a droplet stabilizer such as carboxymethylcellulose or cellulose acetate butyrate in an immiscible liquid (the oil phase), such as 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene, or a liquid paraffin. A polymerization catalyst, usually tetramethylethylenediamine, may also be added to the monomer mixture. The polymerization of beaded acrylamide resin is carried out at relatively low temperatures (20-50°C), and the polymerization is complete within a relatively short period (1-5 hr). The polymerization of most acrylamides proceeds at a substantially faster rate than that of styrene in o/w suspension polymerization. The problem with droplet coagulation during the synthesis of beaded polyacrylamide by w/o suspension polymerization is usually less critical than that with a styrene-based resin. 

Figure 9.3 Schematic illustration of the electrophoretic transfer of proteins in the chromatophoresis process. After being eluted from the HPLC column, the proteins were reduced with /3-mercaptoethanol in the protein reaction system (PRS), and then deposited onto the polyacrylamide gradient gel. (PRC, protein reaction cocktail). Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, 443, W. G. Button et al., Separation of proteins by reversed-phase Mgh-performance liquid cliromatography , pp 363-379, copyright 1988, with permission from Elsevier Science.

J. N. Kinkel, Optically active polyacrylamide/silica composites and related packings and their application to chiral separations in A practical approach to chiral separations by liquid chro-matogratphy, G. Subramanian, VCH, Weinheim (1994) Chapter 8. 

Mannich polymers Cationic, solution polymer flocculants with a MW of 5 to 8 M. Very high viscosity at only 4 to 8% active strength solution liquid. A hydrolyed polyacrylamide, it is very useful for general municipal waste water treatment. The dose rate normally is 200 to 300 ppm or more. 

Cross-hnked polyacrylamides are a group of hydrophihc solid supports introduced primarily for preparation of biopolymers (Fig. 4). Unhke PS resins, polyacrylamides have excellent swelling capacity in both protic (water, alcohols) and aprotic (dichloromethane, dimethylformamide) solvents [88]. These beads are stable towards bases, acids, and weak reducing and oxidizing agents [89]. Predictably, conditions under which amide bonds are cleaved (i.e., sodium in liquid ammonia) [90] lead to rapid decomposition of the polymer. 

S. V. Kosyak, V. S. Danyushevskij, M. E. Pshebishevskij, and A. A. Trapeznikov. Plugging formation fluid transmitting channel— by successive injection of aqueous solution of polyacrylamide and liquid glass, buffer liquid and aqueous solution of polyacrylamide and manganese nitrate. Patent SU 1797645-A, 1993. 

Figure 5.11. Generic approaches to identify interacting proteins within complexes. The complex is isolated from cells by affinity purification using a tag sequence attached to a protein known to be in the complex. Alternatively, the complex can be immunprecipitated with an antibody to one of the proteins in the complex. The proteins are resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteolyzed, and the mass of the resulting peptides is determined by mass spectrometry. Alternatively, the proteins can be proteolyzed and the resulting peptides resolved by liquid chromatography. The peptide masses are then determined by mass spectrometry and used for database searching to identify the component proteins.

PAGE Phe Pro PSD QC Q-ToF Q-ToF-LC-MS-MS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis phenylalanine proline post-source decay quality control quadrupole time-of-flight mass analyser quadrupole time-of-flight mass analyser in combination with (high performance) liquid chromatography and tandem mass... 

Fig. 1.43 Strategies for protein identification. (A) 2D gel electrophoresis approach. (B) 2D liquid chromatography approach. lEF Isoelectric focusing, sex strong cation exchange column, RP reverse phase column, SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Monomer and initiator must be soluble in the liquid and the solvent must have the desired chain-transfer characteristics, boiling point (above the temperature necessary to carry out the polymerization and low enough to allow for ready removal if the polymer is recovered by solvent evaporation). The presence of the solvent assists in heat removal and control (as it also does for suspension and emulsion polymerization systems). Polymer yield per reaction volume is lower than for bulk reactions. Also, solvent recovery and removal (from the polymer) is necessary. Many free radical and ionic polymerizations are carried out utilizing solution polymerization including water-soluble polymers prepared in aqueous solution (namely poly(acrylic acid), polyacrylamide, and poly(A-vinylpyrrolidinone). Polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), and polybutadiene are prepared from organic solution polymerizations. 

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