Liquid mean

AP is the pressure drop, cm of water p and Pg are the density of the scrubbing liquid and gas respectively, g/cm L/g is the velocity of the gas at the throat inlet, cm/s QtIQg is the volumetric ratio of liquid to gas at the throat inlet, dimensionless It is the length of the throat, cm Coi is the drag coefficient, dimensionless, for the mean liquid diameter, evaluated at the throat inlet and d[ is the Sauter mean diameter, cm, for the atomized liquid. The atomized-liquid mean diameter must be evaluated by the Nuldyama and Tanasawa [Trans. Soc Mech Eng (Japan), 4, 5, 6 (1937-1940)] equation ... 

Generally, the values of the scaling exponent are smaller for polymers than for molecular liquids, for which 3.2 < y < 8.5. A larger y, or steeper repulsive potential, implies greater influence of jamming on the dynamics. The smaller exponent found for polymers in comparison with small-molecule liquids means that volume effects are weaker for polymers, which is ironic given their central role in the historical development of free-volume models. The reason why y is smaller... 

The liquid mean residence time, tm, in counter-current mode was significantly lower than in co-current mode. Statistical analysis (Yates method of ANOVA) indicates that along with the liquid flowrate, the direction of liquid travel is the most significant factor in the liquid mean residence time. This variation in the liquid phase mean residence time, suggests an increase in short-circuiting or channeling in the counter-current mode as a result of the gas-liquid interactions. 

In case of liquid, standard wickled gauze tampons (about 0.330 g ) held with tweezers were soaked with standard contents of liquid mean (1.6 ml) by dipping into solution and the whole area was wiped for 30 seconds. In case of two solutions, the second solution was applied 1 min after the first one. 

In Figure 5.2-22, the pressure-gradient, s(l -fi)(AP/Z), is plotted versus the interstitial mean gas velocity, ug, at constant gas densities. Along each line for a given density, the liquid flow-rates vary considerably, but the relationship between the pressure gradient and u(, is unique, and independent of the liquid mean velocity. 

Classification of liquid substances that will burn on the basis of flash points. A combustible liquid means any liquid having a flash point at or above 37.8°C (100°F) but below 93.3°C (200°F), except any mixture having components with flash points of 93.3°C (200°F) or higher, the total of which makes up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. 

From the air/liquid interface, the SHG signal is typically observed in reflection, where the coherent harmonic beam propagates along the same direction as the reflected fundamental beam. The possibility of significant refractive index dispersion in the liquid means that for SHG experiments on the liquid/liquid interface, the harmonic beam path may deviate from the reflected fundamental. 

The residence time for a liquid element flowing in a MWPB can be described by Eq. (4.176). Here TjjjJo is the liquid mean residence time for a standard mobile packed bed with a dpQ-diameter solid packing and a q jQ-density liquid flow rate ... 

Note A small amount of liquid means that its volume can be neglected but sufficient is present to saturate both tanka with vapor. Answer P = 13.7 psia. 

Flammable liquid means a liquid having a flash point of not more than 93 °C ... 

Oxidizing liquid means a liquid which, while in itself not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other material ... 

Pyrophoric liquid means a liquid which, even in small quantities, is liable of igniting within five minutes after coming into contact with air ... 

The nature of fast pyrolysis liquid means that there is no "generic" analysis to cover the wide spectrum of liquids producible from biomass. In the UN or EU regulations, there is no classification for fast pyrolysis liquid or its derivatives, fractions or by-products. 

Area-averaged circulation velocity of liquid Mean interstitial velocity of upflow, Eq. (5-9) Interstitial velocity of gas in emulsion phase II along the column axis Slip velocity of bubble relative to liquid... 

A flammable liquid means any liquid, with some minor exceptions, having a flash point below 100 F (37.8 C). 

Since the flow through the valve is governed by the area of the throat, it is reasonable to surmise that equation (7.3) will produce its best results when the specific volume term refers to the throat. The incompressible nature of liquids means that the inlet specific volume and the throat specific volume will be identical, so that the surmise is answered by equation (7.3) in its present form for liquids. However, we must make a change to cater for gases. Assuming a perfectly adiabatic expansion through the valve as far as the throat, the specific volume of the gas at the throat, v, will be given by... 

In this case the heat input, , is zero and there is no mechanical power output, but a mechanical power supplied, Ps. Hence P = —Ps. There will be no significant difference in height over the pump, so Zi = i2. In addition, the almost incompressible nature of a liquid means that the specific volume will be essentially constant, allowing us to write ... 

Consequently, the excess of internal energy can be regarded as a universal characteristic of the interfacial layer of a liquid (see Table 1). A constant value of e is an indication of zero heat capacity excess Cs=de/dr within the interfacial layer of a single-component liquid, meaning that the interface does not provide any additional degrees of freedom associated with the motion of molecules. The finite positive q reflects the higher entropy of the... 

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