Liquid crystals rates

Jones, A.G., Hostomsky, J. and Zhou Li, 1992a. On the effect of liquid mixing rate on primary crystal size during the gas-liquid precipitation of calcium carbonate. Chemical Engineering Science, 47, 3817-3824. 

The homologous polybibenzoate with a central oxygen atom in the spacer, PDTMB, exhibits a liquid-crystal state at room temperature, owing to its low crystallization rate [15]. This fact is one of the main differences between P7MB and PDTMB, and is reflected on the mechanical properties of both polybibenzoates. The initial... 

FIG. 13 Top-. SPFM image of the spreading front of a smectic drop of 8CB liquid crystal on a Si wafer, showing a layered structure. Each layer is 32 A thick. The layers advance in the direction of the arrow at the rate of 20-30 A/s at room temperature. Middle-. Profile of the droplet front showing the steps. Bottom-. Drop and surrounding smectic layers. Vertical scale is greatly exaggerated. (From Ref. 62.)... 

Enzymes are proteins catalyzing all in vivo biological reactions. Enzymatic catalysis can also be utilized for in vitro reactions of not only natural substrates but some unnatural ones. Typical characteristics of enzyme catalysis are high catalytic activity, large rate acceleration of reactions under mild reaction conditions, high selectivities of substrates and reaction modes, and no formation of byproducts, in comparison with those of chemical catalysts. In the field of organic synthetic chemistry, enzymes have been powerful catalysts for stereo- and regioselective reactions to produce useful intermediates and end-products such as medicines and liquid crystals. ... 

Fig. 2.8.17 Director orientation 0 obtained from 2H NMR spectra from the polysiloxane backbone polymer with liquid-crystal side-chain 4-methoxyphenyl-4 -butenyloxybenzoate, as a function of the apparent extension rate, i. The...

Eventually however, a crust of increasing thickness and density degins to appear on the surface, which, along with blocking of pores due to salt deposition, hinders evaporation of the liquid. Consequently, with increasing salt content the strength attains its maximum and then drops as the crystallization rate slows down. 

X.H. Chen, H. Xie, J.L. Kong, and J.Q. Deng, Characterization for didodecy, 1-dimethylammonium bromide liquid crystal film entrapping catalase with enhanced direct electron transfer rate. Biosens. Bioelectron. 16, 115-120 (2001). 

Discotic liquid-crystal phase, 13 371 Discotic liquid crystals, 15 96 Discotic mesogens, 20 79 Discounted cash flow return rate (DCFRR), 9 544-545... 

Motion of a liquid crystal associated with the rate of change of the director in the direction opposite to that of the action of an external field. 

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