Liquid-crystalline polymers, use

Vermant, J.M. Moldenaers, P. Mewis, J. An evaluation of the Larson-Doi model for liquid crystalline polymers using recoil. Rheol. Acta 1999, 38 (6), 537-547. 

Feng, J. Leal, L.G. Simulating complex flows of liquid-crystalline polymers using the Doi theory. J. Rheol. 1997, 41, 1317-1335. 

TABLE 6.3. Surface Tensions (in mJ/m ) of Commercial Liquid Crystalline Polymers Using Two-Liquid Geometric Method. 

Pang JN, Owens RG, Tacher L, Parriaux A (2006) A numerical study of the SPH method for simulating transient viscoelastic free surface flow. J Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech 139 68-84 Feng J, Leal LG (1997) Simulating complex flows of liquid crystalline polymer using the Doi theory. J Rheol 41 1317—1335... 

Fig. 4. Examples of organic molecules that are able to recognize each other to form supermolecules (a) individual crown ether molecules coordinated with selected metal cations [14] (b) supramolecular assembly to form oligomeric liquid crystals based on three hydrogen bonds [74] (c) supramolecular assembly to form a polymer-like chain (according to Lehn et al. [80]) supramolecular assembly to form side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers using (d) one hydrogen bond (according to Kato and Frechet [76]) (e) two hydrogen bonds (according to Kato et al. [77]) and (f) ionic complexation (according to Bazuin and Tork [78]).

Ugaz VM (1999). Investigation of the Effect of Shear Flow on Molecular Orientation in Model Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers Using In Situ X-ray Scattering, Doctoral Dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. 

Another natural polymer that needs a fresh look into its structure and properties is bitumen [123], also called asphaltines, that are used in highway construction. Although a petroleum by-product, it is a naturally existing polymer. It primarily consists of polynuclear aromatic and cyclocaliphatic ring systems and possesses a lamellar-type structure. It is a potential material that requires more study, and high-performance materials such as liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) could be made from it. 

Strong elongational deformation and use of matrix polymers whose viscosity is higher than that of TLCP phase are better to ensure uniform and fine fibril formation. But application of compatibilizing techniques to in situ composite preparation can be useful to get the most desirable products. These can reduce the high costs of the liquid crystalline polymers and expensive special engineering plastics used for the in situ composite preparation and reduce the processing cost, whereas they can increase the performance of produced in situ composites, hence, their applications, too. 

The same flow-aligning side-chain liquid crystalline polymer has been studied [43] in extensional flow using a rheo-NMR method in which selective excitation of... 

Research on liquid crystalline polymers(LCP) is a fashionable subject with the goal of developing speciality polymers of superior mechanical and thermal properties. Besides these properties, other interesting properties of LCP have not been fully utilized. We are trying to use thermotropic LCP for photon-mode image recording material. 

The distinct properties of liquid-crystalline polymer solutions arise mainly from extended conformations of the polymers. Thus it is reasonable to start theoretical considerations of liquid-crystalline polymers from those of straight rods. Long ago, Onsager [2] and Flory [3] worked out statistical thermodynamic theories for rodlike polymer solutions, which aimed at explaining the isotropic-liquid crystal phase behavior of liquid-crystalline polymer solutions. Dynamical properties of these systems have often been discussed by using the tube model theory for rodlike polymer solutions due originally to Doi and Edwards [4], This theory, the counterpart of Doi and Edward s tube model theory for flexible polymers, can intuitively explain the dynamic difference between rodlike and flexible polymers in concentrated systems [4]. 

In the present article, we focus on the scaled particle theory as the theoretical basis for interpreting the static solution properties of liquid-crystalline polymers. It is a statistical mechanical theory originally proposed to formulate the equation of state of hard sphere fluids [11], and has been applied to obtain approximate analytical expressions for the thermodynamic quantities of solutions of hard (sphero)cylinders [12-16] or wormlike hard spherocylinders [17, 18]. Its superiority to the Onsager theory lies in that it takes higher virial terms into account, and it is distinctive from the Flory theory in that it uses no artificial lattice model. We survey this theory for wormlike hard spherocylinders in Sect. 2, and compare its predictions with typical data of various static solution properties of liquid-crystalline polymers in Sects. 3-5. As is well known, the wormlike chain (or wormlike cylinder) is a simple yet adequate model for describing dilute solution properties of stiff or semiflexible polymers. 

We begin by formulating the free energy of liquid-crystalline polymer solutions using the wormlike hard spherocylinder model, a cylinder with hemispheres at both ends. This model allows the intermolecular excluded volume to be expressed more simply than a hard cylinder. It is characterized by the length of the cylinder part Lc( 3 L - d), the Kuhn segment number N, and the hard-core diameter d. We assume that the interaction potential between them is given by... 

Increasing the concentration of surfactants in water to a level above the CMC leads to the formation of rod-like micelles and, subsequently, liquid crystals [251]. Both liquid crystals and liquid-crystalline polymers [252] have been used as media for small particle generation [253, 254] and have also acted as piezoelectric devices [255]. Of particular interest are metallomesogens, the metal complexes of organic ligands which exhibit liquid crystalline behavior [255],... 

A third mesogenic monomer, (III), was also used to prepare liquid crystalline polymer networks and is illustrated below. 

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