Formation, liquid clathrate

Holbrey, J.D., Reichert, W.M., Nieuwenhuyzen, M., Sheppard, O., Hardacre, C., and Rogers, R.D., Liquid clathrate formation in ionic liquid-aromatic mixtures,... 

Considering the process of liquid clathrate formation, solid-state liquid clathrate forming materials such as 13.21 are subject to a dissolution equilibrium or liquefying phase change upon exposure to aromatic solvents (Equation 13.1). 

Tables Components of MlAbReX] compoimds used for liquid clathrate formation...

Holbrey JD, Reichert WM, Nieuwenhuyzen M (2(X)3) Liquid clathrate formation in ionic liquid—aromatic nrixtures. Chem Commun 476-477... 

Proposed Shape Theory of Liquid Clathrate Formation... 

Careful inspection of Figure 2 reveals that the structure is that of a reverse clathrate the aromatic molecules are associated with the organic regions of the anions. K[CH3Se Al(CH3)3 3] 2CeH6 may well present liquid clathrate formation at an elevated temperature, for the anion does have the proper shape (Structure 13). However, this has not been veri-... 

A second method for the production of liquid clathrates involves the addition of 0.005 mol KN3 and 0.010 mol A1(CH3)3 to 0.10 mol toluene in an N2 atmosphere dry box. This procedure yields a liquid clathrate identical in composition to the one prepared in the previous method. Note that liquid clathrate formation is a visually dramatic event. As the reaction proceeds, separation of two distinct liquid layers becomes obvious. 

For a rationalization of the similar physical behavior of liquid clathrate formation with aromatics, for a chemically dissimilar set of materials. Zaworotko et al. suggested that liquid clathrate formation was chiefly dependent on the physical properties of the organic salts, rather than on their chemical natures. Thus, an approach to developing other systems capable of sustaining liquid clathrates would be to investigate organic salts with low melting points (or even salts that were liquid at room temperature). This is clearly a description of ionic liquids. 

The support for liquid clathrate formation under biphasic conditions in ionic liquid-aromatic systems is an important and underrecognized phenomena. As the use of ionic liquids as solvents and catalyst immobilization phases for transition metal catalyzed reactions becomes increasingly commonplace, the importance of understanding liquid clathrate formation as an activation and... 

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