Lipoxygenase products

Costello, P.B., Baer, A.N. and Green, F.A. (1992). Lipoxygenase products in inflammatory synovial fluids and other exudates. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 51, 1215-1218. 

Duell, E.A., Ellis, C.N. and Voorhees, J.J. (1988). Determination of 5,12 and 15-lipoxygenase products in keratomed biopsies of normal and psoriatic skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 91, 446-450. 

Kuhn H, Wiesner R, Alder L, Schewe T. Occurrence of free and esterified lipoxygenase products in leaves of Glechoma hederacea L. and other Labiatae. Eur J Biochem 1989 186 155-162. 

Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products accumulate during reperfusion following cerebral ischemia 586... 

LTA4 generated is almost all converted into LTB4. Thus, LTB4 is the major lipoxygenase product of fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated neutrophils. 

The acid-soluble SH-groups in platelets are mainly those of glutathione (GSH). GSH is a cofactor for enzymes such as peroxidase. If feverfew is able to interfere with this cofactor, enzyme function may be impaired. One pathway that may be affected in this way is the metabolism of arachidonic acid (Figure 6.1). In the presence of feverfew extract an increase was found in lipoxygenase product formation and impaired conversion of HPETE to HETE, for which GSH is a cofactor [52]. Inhibition of the liberation of [ " C]arachidonic acid from phospholipids was also found [53], which implies impairment of phospholipase A2 activity and for which SH-groups are thought to be important. 

F. R. DeRubertis, P. A. Craven and R. Saito, Bile salt stimulation of colonic epithelial cell proliferation. Evidence for involvement of lipoxygenase products, J. Clin. Invest., 1984, 74, 1614. 

Another group of 5-lipoxygenase products are the lipoxins LXA and LXB. Their biologic roles are still to be defined. 

Powell WS, Rokach J. Biochemistry, biology and chemistry ofthe 5-lipoxygenase product 5-oxo-ETE, Prog Lipid Res 2005 44 154-183. 

GRF-stimulated GH release is also inhibited by lipoxygenase inhibitors, suggesting participation of some lipoxygenase product(s). However, in this area of research more work is also required to attribute a specific messenger role to these arachidonic acid metabolites. 

Samuelsson B (1986) Leukotrienes and other lipoxygenase products. Prog Lipid Res 25 13-18... 

Rediske, J. J., Quintavalla, J. C., Hasten, W. O., Morrissey, M. M., and Seligman, B. (1992). Platelet activating factor stimulates intracellular calcium transients in human neutrophils Involvement of endogenous 5-lipoxygenase products. J. Leukoc. Biol. 51, 484-489. 

Additional inflammatory mediators have been detected in cutaneous tissues as a consequence of SM treatment. These include free arachidonic acid (Lefkowitz and Smith, 2002) and its cyclooxygenase (Dachir et al, 2004 Rikimaru et al, 1991) and lipoxygenase products (Tanaka et al, 1997). Furthermore, the increased capillary permeability observed would allow a variety of circulating inflammatory participants, such as complement components, kininogens, etc., to enter the dermal interstitium (Rikimaru et al, 1991). Clearly, vesicant injury involves a host of inflammatory mediators similar to those seen in other types of wounds, where individual cytokines have been singled out as potential therapeutic targets. 

Oelze-Karow et al. (44) assert that lipoxygenase production in the seedlings of mustard, Sinapis alba, is under phytochrome control. When the far-red form of the pigment reaches a threshold level, lipoxygenase synthesis is rapidly repressed. When the concentration of the far-red form drops below this value, synthesis begins immediately. 

Galliard and Phillips 144) have found that homogenates of potato tubers contain an enzyme which converts the primary lipoxygenase product of linoleic acid, the 9-D-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid, into an 18-carbon ether (Figure 3). Here too, cleavage of the Gig chain must occur. The formation and role of possible cleavage products from linoleic and linolenic acids in aroma and physiology of plant tissues have already been mentioned. 

Karanian JW, Kim HY, and Salem N Jr. (1996). The structure-activity relationship of lipoxygenase products of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids effects on human piglet aggregation, lipids. 31 (Suppl), S305-308. 

Among these six flavonoids, licochalcones A and B inhibited formation of cyclooxygenase products HETT and TXB2, and the 12-lipoxygenase product 12-HETE dose-dependently "Fig. (39)". 

W.J. Griffiths, Y.Yang, J. Sjovall, J.A. Lindgren, ESI-CID of mono-, di- and trihydroxylated lipoxygenase products, including LTB and lipoxins. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 10 (1996) 183. 

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