Lipoproteins atherosclerosis and

M16. Mahley, R. W., Weisgraber, K. H., and Innerarity, T. L., Canine lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. II. Characterization of the plasma lipoproteins associated with atherogenic and nonatherogenic hyperlipidemia. Circ. Res. 35, 722-733 (1974). 

P10. Parthasarathy, S., Fong, L. C., and Steinberg, D., Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis concepts and consequences. In Lipid Peroxidation in Biological Systems (A. Sevanian, ed.), pp. 225-235. American Oil Chemical Society, Champaign, IL, 1987. 

Jaross W, Dude H, Hanefeld M. Advances in lipoprotein and atherosclerosis research, diagnostics, and treatment. Proceedings of the 8th International Dresden Lipid Symposium. New York VHC Publishers, 1995. 

Dietary intake of n-6 fatty acids such as linoleic acid, and n-3 fatty acids, such as the fish oils eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, lowers plasma cholesterol and antagonizes platelet activation, but the fish oils are much more potent in this regard [26]. In particular, n-3 fatty acids competitively inhibit thromboxane synthesis in platelets but not prostacyclin synthesis in endothelial cells. These fatty acids have also been shown to have other potentially anti-atherogenic effects, such as inhibition of monocyte cytokine synthesis, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. While dietary intake of n-3 fatty acid-rich fish oils appears to be atheroprotective, human and animal dietary studies with the n-6 fatty acid linoleic acid have yielded conflicting results in terms of effects on both plasma lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. Indeed, excess amounts of both n-3 and n-6 fatty acids may actually promote oxidation, inflammation, and possibly atherogenesis (M. Toberek, 1998). In this context, enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid in the sn-2 position of LDL phospholipids to 9- and 13-hydroxy derivatives is a key event in LDL oxidation (Section 6.2). 

Overturf, M. L., and D. S. Loose-Mitchell. 1992. In vivo model systems The choice of experimental animal model for the analysis of lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. Current Opinions in Lipidology 3 179-185. 

Steinberg, D. Witztum, J. L., Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis. 

Eugene A. Podrez Anti-oxidant properties of high-density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2010 37(7) 71925. 

Patsch, J.R. (1994). Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 110 Suppl., S23-S26. 

Malmendier CL, Lontie J-F, Grutman G, Delcroix C (1987) Metabolism of apolipoprotein C kinetic studies in human subjects a critical review. In Malmendier CL, Alaupovic P (eds) Lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. Plenum, New York, pp 95-103... 

Alaupovic P, Tavella M, Fesmire J (1987) Separation and identification of Apo-B-containing lipoprotein particles in normolipidemic subjects and patients with hyperlipoproteinemias. In Advances in Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 210, Malmendier CL, Alaupovic P (Eds), Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis. Plenum, New York, pp 7-14... 

Gotto AM, Miller NE, Oliver MF (1978) High density lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. Elsevier, Amsterdam... 

Kawai Y, Saito A, Shibata N, et al. Covalent binding of oxidized cholestery 1 esters to protein implications for oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis. J Bio/ Chem 2003 278 21,040-21,049. 

Effects of Flavonoids on the Oxidation of Low-Density Lipoprotein and Atherosclerosis Michael Aviram and Bianca Fuhrman... 

Aviram M. Modified forms of low density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 1993 98 1 9. 

---