Lipopolysaccharides acute effects

Information on immunological effects of 2-butoxyethanol in animals exposed orally to 2-butoxyethanol is limited to one acute and one intermediate study. Male Fischer 344 rats were immunized with trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) and then dosed by gavage (4 and 28 hours after immunization) to 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg/day 2-butoxyethanol in distilled water for 2 consecutive days (Smialowicz et al. 1992). Three days later, the primary plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to TNP-LPS was determined. The PFC response to TNP-LPS was used to evaluate B-l miphocyte antibody production. No toxic effect of 2-butoxyethanol in the immune system was detected. In Sprague-Dawley rats, in which males received doses of 180 or 506 mg/kg/day 2-butoxyethanol and females received doses of 204 or 444 mg/kg/day 2-butoxyethanol in the drinking water for 21 days, serum samples were... 

Neutrophil apoptosis may be important in regulating the inflammatory process by controlling neutrophil numbers and thus activity. Exogenous inhaled nitric oxide is now a widely used therapy in patients with acute lung injury, and its effects on apoptosis may be important. In a model of nitric oxide-treated lung injury, Blaylock et al. (1998) incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes isolated fi om venous blood for up to 16 h with and without 1.7 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide and the nitric oxide donor GEA-3162 or the peroxynitrite donor SIN-1. Apoptosis was attenuated when cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide and both nitric oxide and peroxynitrite dose-dependently inhibited this suppression at all time points and was most apparent at 16 h (P = 0.004 and 0.001, respectively). 

Clemente-Postigo M, Queipo-Ortuho MI, Boto-Ordonez M, et al. Effect of acute and chronic red wine consumption on lipopolysaccharide concentrations. Am Clin Nutr. 2013 97 1053-1061. 

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