Lipids, wound healing

Epidermal keratinization and mucous membrane squamous metaplasia respond to both oral and topical vitamin A therapy. Vitamin A exists in three forms retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid.VitaminA increases the mucous production of goblet cells and perhaps the aqueous and lipid components of the tears as well. Tretinoin is a normal metabolite and the carboxylic form of retinol. Retinol is present in tears and the lacrimal gland appears to be its major provider. Retinoic acid has been shown to be effective in ocular surfece disorders such as squamous metaplasia by reversing the corneal and conjunctival keratinization and improving epithelium wound healing rate. 

Bazan HE (2005) Cellular and molecular events in corneal wound healing significance of lipid signalling. Exp Eye Res 80 453 63... 

Anserine and carnosine consisting of P-alanine and L-histidine (Figure 22.1) are strong antioxidants against hypochlorite radical (CIO ), and they are antioxidants that reduce lipid oxidation, which affects flavor, aroma, texture, color, and nutritional composition [2,3]. Also, anserine and carnosine have immunoresponse modulation, blood fat reduction, and enhanced wound-healing functions in vivo [4-6]. Figure 22.2 shows an example of the physiological functionality of anserine and carnosine [6]. Anserine and carnosine remarkably reduced an oxidative stress in normal human volunteers in combination with vitamin C and ferulic acid. 

The use of psyllium helps the human body in improving glymeric and lipids control, and reducing the risk factors involving in diabetic complications(26) like poor wound healing, higher risk of infections, and many other problems involving the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and the heart. 

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