Lipids composting

Yamamoto N, Saitoh M, Moriuchi A, Nomura M, Okuyama H. Effect of dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance on brain lipid compostions and learning ability of rats. J Lipid Res 1987 28 144-151. 

We have studied CO2 fixation of the exhaust gas from thermal power stations by microalgal photosynthesis. In order to utilize the resulting large quantities of biomass for fuel, compost, feed and other useful chemical substances, we have screened microalgae which produce lipids or hydrocarbons. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of a green alga tolerant of the concentration of 10%CO2 at30t . 

For the study of drug membrane interactions and of the influence of drug structure and membrane composition, artificial membranes simulating especially mammalian membranes can easily be prepared because of the readiness of phospholipids to form automatically lipid bilayers, i.e. their tendency for self-association in water. The macroscopic structure of dispersions of phospholipids depends on the type of lipids and on the water content. The structure and properties of self-assembled phospholipids in excess water have been described [32], and the mechanism of liposome formation has been reviewed [33]. While the individual components, i.e. the membrane proteins and lipids, are composted of atoms and covalent bonds, their association with each other to produce membrane structures is governed largely by the hydrophobic effect This hydrophobic effect is derived from the structure of water and the interaction of other components with the water structure. Because of their enormous hydrogen-bonding capacity, water molecules adopt a structure in both the liquid and the solid state. 

NIR was applied to determine the moisture, carbon, nitrogen, and lipid contents and C-to-N ratio in a compost sample during the tofu (soybean curd) refuse compost fermentation (29-31). Control of the moisture content of the compost fermentation process and simultaneous measurement of the carbon, nitrogen, and lipid contents and C-to-N ratio in the compost were also attempted. The compost sampled from the composter was put into a polyethylene bag, and it was placed in a sample holder. The reflectance values were measured with a NIR spectrophotometer (NIRS6500SPL). 

C-H Stretching and C-H deformation in the carbon compounds of the compost, such as lipid, protein, and cellulose of soybean. It should be noted, however, that most wavelengths were common to both carbon and nitrogen. 

Masui et al. reported that the time course of the lipid content of the compost during the compost fermentation was coupled to the decrease of the total dry weight of the compost in the composter and the change of the lipid content in the compost could be one of the indicators to determination of the end point of the thermophilic compost fermentation (30). Lipid content was predicted with NIR. Good agreement between the values obtained by the conventional method and those obtained by NIR was observed during the compost fermentation. 

Plasma lipoproteins are macromolecular complexes of such chemically diverse substances as proteins, various kinds of lipids and, to minor proportions, carbohydrates. They serve primarily as transport vehicles for lipids in the aqueous environment of blood and lymph and represent an enormously broad spectrum of compostions and particle sizes. Traditionally lipoproteins are classified upon the operationally useful characteristic of buoyant density initiated by the ultracentrifugal separation studies by DeLalla and Gofman (1954) (Table 1). A biochemically more specific nomenclature was pioneered by Alaupovic (1972), whereby lipoprotein families are defined by their specific apolipoproteins. This concept of lipoprotein families has proven particularly useful in relating certain biochemical functions of individual lipoprotein classes to their apoproteins. 

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