Lipid levels classification

Antilipemics lower lipid levels (Table 19.4). Lipids are composed of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids, which are bound to lipoproteins (Table 19.5) that transport lipids throughout the body. There are three classifications of lipoproteins ... 

The polar lipid composition of extreme halophiles appears to be correlated with their taxonomic classification on the level of the genera so far distinguished [4,5,10,32, 50-52,54] Halobacterium, Haloarcula, Haloferax, Halococcus, Natronobacterium and Natronococcus (Table 1). All of these genera were found to contain C2o-C2o-archaeol PGP-Me (4A) as the major phospholipid, C2o-C2o-archaeol PG (3) and PGS (5) as minor phospholipids, and small to trace amounts of archaeol PA (6) [5,10,11,32,40] (see Table 1), with the following exceptions (a) PGS is characteristically absent... 

TABLE 72—14. Classification of Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels in Adults... 

A fourth class, proposed by Klaenhammer [21] is rather questionable. This class comprised the complex bacteriocins, composed of protein plus one or more chemical moieties (lipid, carbohydrate) required for activity plantaricin S, leuconocin S, lactocin 27, pediocin SJ-1 [57-61]. The existence of this fourth class was supported by the observation that some bacteriocin activities were destroyed by glycolytic and lipolytic enzymes [60]. However, such bacteriocins have not yet been characterized adequately at the biochemical level and the recognition of this class therefore seems to be premature. The class IIC of the Klaenhammer [21] classification has recently been shown not to exist. 

Koch et al. determined total cholesterol, phospholipids, and fatty acids in CSF samples from 216 individuals in order to establish the lipid and apo-lipoprotein levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) in a large group of individuals, on the basis of which a classification of CSF lipoproteins was made. The cholesterol and phospholipids are measured enzymatically by fluorometric detection of the reaction products. Earlier work had shown reduced levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, and free fatty acids in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer disease patients. Urine levels of F2-isoprostanes or their major metabolite were not significantly different between Alzheimer s disease patients and controls. In addition, urine and CSF F2-isoprostane levels in Alzheimer s disease patients did not correlate. These results indicate that plasma and urine F2-isoprostanes and F2-neuroprostanes do not accurately reflect central nervous system levels of these biomarkers and are not reproducibly elevated in body fluids outside of the central nervous system in Alzheimer s disease patients. 

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