Linked-cell method

Most oxygen trim systems interpose an additional link in the air/gas ratio controller. Others use an additional valve. Most types are based on the zirconia cell installed in the flue, while others use paramagnetic or electrolytic cell methods. The zirconia type has the advantage that there is no time lag in sampling, nor is there a risk of contamination of the sample. 

Takahashi, T., and Kobatake, Y. (1982) Computer-linked automated method for measurement of the reversal frequency in phototaxis of Elalobacterium halobium. Cell Struct. Eunct. 7,183-192. 

CondeeUs, J. and Hall, A.L. (1991). Measurement of actin polymerization and cross-linking in agonist- stimulated cells. Methods Enzymol. 196, 486- 96. 

H. Nejadnik, R. Castillo, H.E. Daldrup-Link, Magnetic resonance imaging and tracking of stem cells. Methods Mol. Biol. 1052 (2013) 1-10. 

In recent years, Verlet lists have often been supplanted by (or combined with) the Linked Cell List method [7], For discussion of these techniques, see [86, 173, 303, 307], See also [49, 50, 203, 335, 341] for work on fast parallel computation of molecular forces. 

The possibility of application of linked-lists method with cubic cells for noncubic periodic boxes is the great advantage of using the checker-board PBC. We present following the translation... 

Because we are interested in systems with rather short-range interactions with a well-defined cut-off, it is inefficient to examine all of the pairs of particles ij at each time-step to determine which ones have a nonzero force between them. An alternative is to divide the simulation cell into smaller cells of size r< -t- r, where is a small skin of order 0.3-0.5ct. Now one simply has to check pairs within neighboring cells to determine which pairs ij have a nonzero force. The extra skin allows one to create a list of neighbors, which only has to be updated every 10-20 time steps. Combining the link cell with a Verlet neighbor table is the most efficient method for doing any off-lattice simulation with short-range interactions. To obtain... 

Because enzymes can be intraceUularly associated with cell membranes, whole microbial cells, viable or nonviable, can be used to exploit the activity of one or more types of enzyme and cofactor regeneration, eg, alcohol production from sugar with yeast cells. Viable cells may be further stabilized by entrapment in aqueous gel beads or attached to the surface of spherical particles. Otherwise cells are usually homogenized and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde [111-30-8] to form an insoluble yet penetrable matrix. This is the method upon which the principal industrial appHcations of immobilized enzymes is based. 

There are three general methods available for the immobilisation of whole microbial cells carrier binding, entrapment and cross-linking. 

Fig. 8.1. Alternatives methods used to immobilise cells, (a) Carrier binding (b) entrapment (c) cross-linking.3...

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