Linear polymers triglycerides

A large number of monocyclic derivatives from 4-tert-butylhenol, 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol result by formal electrophilic substitution. Rather uniquely, as mentioned earlier, reaction with formaldehyde can be effected under either acidic or alkaline conditions (ref.55). From the initial monocyclic hydroxymethyl intermediate the products obtained are linear as opposed to cross-linked polymers and due to their lower molecular weight possess oil-solubility.. They have been extensively empoyed in surface compositions in conjunction with a triglyceride drying oil. 

Another method to create new materials from polymerized plant oils is though acyclic triene metathesis (ATMET) polymerization. In this process, hyper-branched polymers are created beginning with a triglyceride that contains three alkene bonds. These hyperbranched polymers can display different physical attributes, such as lower viscosity and increased solubihty, when compared to their linear analogs. 

Unsaturated low molecular weight (M between 1000 and 10000), often branched, used as macromonomers for synthesis of thermosets (polyester resins), or thermosetting materials by themselves (alkyd resins). They are prepared from several monomers, namely phthalic and maleic anhydrides, adipic acid, iso-phthalic acid, natural fatty acids or triglycerides, and a great variety of multifunctional alcohols. In a few special cases, they may be saturated and/or linear for use as macromonomers in the production of polyurethanes or other polymers. 

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