Linear free energy relationships , ionic

The ernes of ionic surfactants are usually depressed by tire addition of inert salts. Electrostatic repulsion between headgroups is screened by tire added electrolyte. This screening effectively makes tire surfactants more hydrophobic and tliis increased hydrophobicity induces micellization at lower concentrations. A linear free energy relationship expressing such a salt effect is given by ... 

Abraham, M.H. and Acree, Jr. W.E., Comparative analysis of solvation and selectivity in room temperature ionic liquids using the Abraham linear free energy relationship, Green. Chem., 8,906,2006. 

The quantification of electronic substituent effects is made possible by linear free-energy relationships (e.g., the Hammett equation) [50,51] however, for radical reactions, this is considerably more cumbersome since such effects are orders of magnitude smaller than in their corresponding ionic counterparts [52], Thus, it should be evident that a number of criteria are important in choosing a suitable chemical model system for evaluating substituent effects on radical species [53], Some of the more significant ones are ... 

Using the data for 88 low molecular weight ligands, Harris (1986) constructed a linear free-energy relationship (LFER) between Sm(III) and Nd(III) and used this, together with the ionic radii of the metals, to derive formation constants for Am(III) and Cm(III). These derived constants are also shown in table 8. 

Milic, N.B. (1981) Linear free-energy relationships in the hydrolysis of metal ions. The effect of the ionic medium. /. Chem Soc., Dalton Trans., 1445-1449. 

Acree, W.E., Jr. Abraham, M.H. (2006). The analysis of solvation in ionic liquids and organic solvents using the Abraham model linear free energy relationship. /. Chem. Technol Biotechnol., 81,1441-1446. 

Sprunger, L.M. Gibbs, J. Proctor, A. Acree Jr., W.E. Abraham, M.H. Meng, Y. Yao, C. Anderson, J.L. (2009b). Linear free energy relationship correlations for room temperature ionic liquids revised cation-specific and anion-specific equation coefficients for predictive applications covering a much larger area of chemical space. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48,4145-4154. 

The linear dependence of the pitting potential on ionic radius is likely a reflection of the similarly linear relationship between the latter and the free energy of formation of aluminum halides.108 It is reasonable to assume that the energy of adsorption of a halide on the oxide is also related to the latter. Hence, one could postulate that the potential at which active dissolution takes place is the potential at which the energy of adsorption overcomes the energy of coulombic repulsion so that the anions get adsorbed. 

In the case of the adsorption of ions, the adsorption free energy is proportional to the excess surface charge density [37], or the phase-boundary potential, AQlinear relationship between qw and Aq(/> [31]. On the other hand, the adsorption free energy is quadratically dependent on Aq(/> in the case of the adsorption of neutral compounds [38]. It seems that within the experimentally available range of the potential window, ca. 300 mV the linear term prevails in the adsorption of ionic surfactants [39,40]. Therefore,... 

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