Line-width measurements

For accurate line width measurements Modulation amplitude = line-width/10. For most practical work Modulation amplitude = line-width/3. 

Relative to water. Half-height line-widths. Measured in various solvents values in the Table refer to spectra obtained in H2O see also text. ... 

McConnell and Weaver (78) have utilized line width measurements of Cu6S and Cu66 resonances in a Cu1—Cu11—HC1 system to estimate the C is a constant evaluated under conditions of slow exchange. 

Accordingly, evaluation of k from line-width measurements gives a bimolecular rate constant of 0.5 X 1081 sec-1 M-1. This is one of the fastest electron exchange reactions studied in aqueous solution. Transfer rate here may not describe direct electron transfer between Cu1 and Cu11 Stranks has suggested (129) that the rate may refer to transfer within a bridged activated complex, e.g.,... 

The resolution of a resist can be determined either optically or electrically by using special line-width-measuring equipment or by examining the resist with a scanning electron microscope (17). Correct feature size must be maintained within a wafer and from wafer to wafer, because device performance depends on the absolute size of the patterned structures. The term critical dimension (CD) refers to a specific feature size and is a measure of the resolution of a lithographic process. 

X-ray line-width measurements, while a Rich Seifert Debyeflex unit was used for the other powder patterns. A North American Philips back-reflection camera was employed for the precision determination of lattice constants. The uncertainty in the lattice constants varies between 0-001 and 0-0025 A. Anatase samples were heated in quartz tubes placed in a vertical tubular furnace fitted with a thermo-regulator. The fraction of anatase in a mixture was determined by the equation,... 

An interesting variation of this experiment involves using the same technique of NMR line-width measurements to study the cis-trans exchange rate in N,N-dimethylacetamide. By determining this rate as a function of temperature over the range 300 to 500 K, one can evaluate the rotational barrier for this cis-trans isomerization. ... 

FIG. 19. Sc chemical shifts and line-widths measured at 55-1 MHz in an aqueous solution of ScClj as a function of added hydrochloric acid. (182)... 

The accuracy of line width measuring was 0,1 The accuracy of g-value measuring was 0.0001... 

There seems to be a systematic difference between the apparently homogeneous line widths measured In pulsed laser and cw laser experiments, for reasons which are not understood at present. Although these differences are not Important for the discussion which follows, the values of t are tabulated in separate columns for the two kinds of experiments, to facilitate comparisons. Table... 

The dynamics of the molecular rotation of 2-pyridone in toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, and water have been investigated at 305 K by 13C and 2H NMR spectroscopy. Both chemical shifts and relaxation times show that it forms stable hydrogen-bonded complexes in methanol and in water, reorienting as a complete unit and taking with it two solvent molecules. These solvated species are stable within the liquid-state temperature range, and reorient according to the hydrodynamic law as indicated by the 14N line width measurements (85MRC460). 

The situation for actinide ions is ambiguous due to a lack of experimental data. Because of the larger crystal-field parameters of the actinides, one would anticipate that the ion-lattice coupling is stronger. This assumption was not obviously shown to be true in the recent line width measurements of neptunium (47). Experimental measurements of the temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetimes and quantum efficiencies will provide a direct test for the multiphonon coupling and the universality of the energy gap dependence of the multiphonon spontaneous transition rate. 

B. Estimated p/pMP Coupling Constants from Line-width Measurements. ... 

Estimated coupling constants ( 2pMp ) from line-width measurements of proton n.m.r. spectra... 

In Table II representative second moments of the various waxy phases are tabulated (17) along with the temperatures at which they were determined. In most cases the determinations were made in the center of the range of existence of the particular phase. Second moments were not determined at every temperature at which a line width measurement was made. The second moments are in the same order as the line widths within a given soap, but there appears to be little correlation between the chain lengths and the magnitude of the moments. For the most part it appears that the values of the second moments depend upon the temperature. 

Sarubbi, M. Ross, M. Neisser, T. Kocab, B. Beauebemin, W. Livesay, S. Wong, and W. Ng, Meebanism studies of scanning electron microscope measurement effects on 193 nm photoresists and tbe development of improved line width measurement methods, Proc. SPIE 4345, 211 (2001) M. Nessier, T. Kocab, B. Beauebemin, T. Sarubbi, S. Wong, and W. Ng, Mechanism studies of SEM measurement effects on 193 nm photoresists and the development of improved Une width measurement methods, in Proc. Interface 2000 Microlithography Seminar, 233 (2000). 

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