Limits of intake

In 1959 the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended a "maximum permissible concentration of plutonium in water (MPCW) for unlimited public use" of 5x10 5 Ci/m3 ( xlO6 Bq/m3) (64). In 1979 ICRP introduced the concept of ALI ("annual limits of intake"). For 239Pu the value was set at 2xl06 Bq (or 0.9 mg) per year (35). Because man consumes about 0.5 m3 water/year, this ALI value corresponds to 4x106 Bq/m3 potable water. 

ALI—See Annual limit of intake Alkali fluorouranates(V), stabilization... 

Annual limits of intake, Pu concentration in drinking water.290-91... 

The Leggett (1992) model was developed to predict tissue doses and whole-body dose to people who may be exposed to americium. The model is considered an updated version of the ICRP (1989) model for americium, which has been used to establish risk-based limits of intake of241 Am (ICRP 1989). The Leggett (1992) and ICRP (1989) models predict similar long-term average doses of americium to the liver and skeleton for an injection exposure and would be expected to predict similar radiation risks and risk-based intake limits (Leggett 1992). Descriptions of applications of the Leggett (1992) model in risk assessment have not been reported. 

The USTUR (1994) model was developed to predict tissue doses and whole-body dose to people who may be exposed to americium. The model has been used to calculate Annual Limits of Intake (ALIs) for 241Am, and yielded similar, but lower limits than those estimated using the ICRP model (1989). 

Annual limit of intake (ALI), 19 701-702 Annual money flows, 9 537-540 Annual reports, in research partnerships, 24 390... 

ALI = Annual Limit of Intake DAC = Derived Air Concentration EPA = Environmental Protection Agency FRC = Federal Radiation Council... 

The Annual Limit of Intake (ALI) for any radionuclide is obtained by dividing the annual average effective dose limit (20 mSv) by the committed effective dose (E) resulting from the intake of 1 Bq of that radionuclide. ALI data for Individual radionuclides are given in ICRP (1991b). 

Table 1.10 Toxicity of Vitamins Upper Limits of Habituai Consumption and Toierabie Upper Limits of intake...

For the control of internal doses, annual limits of intake (ALI) and derived air concentrations (DAC) have been determined. ALIs and DACs in EPA guidance and the USNRC and DOE regulations are based on the recommendations of the ICRP (ICRP 1979). Values of the ALIs and DACs for uranium isotopes are presented in Table 7-1. These values are for soluble. Class D (Days) material, which has a half-time for clearance from the pulmonary region of the lung of less than 10 days. Values of ALIs and DACs for Class W (Weeks) and Class Y (Years) uranium are available in Appendix B to 10 CFR 20 (USNRC 1993f). 

Zhao S, Zhao E-Y. 1990. Nephrotoxic limit and annual limit of intake for natural U. Health Phys... 

Most of the properties mentioned in the previous paragraph are taken into account in the ALI and DAC concept (ALI = Annual Limits of Intake DAC = Derived Air Concentration, based on the ALI value). 1 ALI corresponds to an annual committed equivalent dose of 50 mSv. 

Tc and other isotopes and isomers of technetium are nuclides of medium radio-toxicity [26] licensing limits, annual limits of intake and maximum permitted air concentrations arc compiled in Table 5.4.A. 

The occupational limits for thorium, uranium and some critical decay products are listed in Table 26.1-2. For the chemotoxicity limit of uranium, American and German values for different exposure situations are given. Due to the dominance of the radiotoxicity in the case of thorium, permissible concentration limits are generally based only on the radioactivity. However, former Eastern bloc countries have set a threshold limit for thorium in workroom air (ILO 1980). The annual limit of intake (ALI) will result... 

Includes dose contributions from short-lived progeny. 2000 h per year at work and an equilibrium factor of 0.4 are assumed (ICRP 1993a). Depends strongly on spedation. The annual limit of intake (ALI) is derived using Eq. 26.1-1. When a worker is exposed to a mixture of radionuclides and also is exposed by external radiation, Eq. 26.1-2 must be considered. 

Annual limit of intake (ALI) the amount of a radioactive material taken into the body of an adult worker in one year, by inhalation or ingestion, that would result in an effective committed dose equivalent of 0.05 Sv (5 rem) or a committed dose equivalent of 0.5 Sv (50 rem) to any single tissue or organ. 

A substance which represents a hazard within the body due to its radioactivity is referred to as radiotoxic. The radiotoxicity depends on the properties of the radiation and on a number of physical, chemical, and biological conditions such as mode of intake (via air, in water or food, through wounds, etc.), the size of the ingested or inhaled particles, their chemical properties (e.g. solubility), metabolic affinity, and ecological conditions. Most of these conditions are considered in the ALI concept. ALI Annual Limits of Intake) and D AC Derived Air Concentrations, from the ALI value) and other relevant data are presented in Table 18.12. An annual intake of 1 ALI corresponds to an annual committed dose equivalent of 50 mSv. 

Armais of the ICRP, Pergamon Press, Oxford Publ. 54 (1988), Individual Monitoring for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers Design and Interpretation. HSi( 9%9),RBEfor Deterministic Effects. 60(1991), 1990 Recommendations of the Intemationai Cotttmission on Radiological Protection. 61 (1991), Armual limits of Intake of Radionuclides by Workers Based on the 1990 Recommendations. 

Less than 5% of them had an intake below the lower limit of intake (70p,g/day). These data did not include the intake from iodine supplements. 

Consumption of game or wildlife in Great Britain after the Chernobyl accident probably did not exceed the annual limits of intake (ALI)... 

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