Limiting streamline

On approaching a collecting body (fiber or liquid droplet), 0 porticle corried along by the gas stream tends to follow the stream but may strike the obstruction because of its inertia. Solid lines represent the fluid streamlines oround a body of diameter Dt, and the dotted lines represent the paths of particles that initially followed the fluid streamlines. X is the distance between the limiting streamlines A and B The fraction of particles initially present in a volume swept by the body that is removed by inertiol interception is represented by the quantity X/Dt, for a cylindrical collector and (X/Dt,) for a sphericol collector... 

Figure 2.11. Linear shear flow past a freely rotating circular cylinder in the 7Z -plane (the limit streamlines P = Ps are marked bold) (a) simple shear flow ( STg = 1) (b) general case of plane shear flow (0 < n < 1)...

This situation describes the fate of those particles present in an envelope bounded by distant streamlines called the limiting streamlines. The dimension of this envelope is of the order of the fiber diameter and has a width of 2b-, the gas flow streamline at a distance b from the centerline is the limiting streamline, and the particle trajectory that... 

In the derivation of both Eqs. (9.4) and (9.9), the disturbance of the flow streamlines is assumed to be produced by a single particle. This is the origin of the limitation to dilute solutions in the Einstein theory, where the net effect of an array of spheres is treated as the sum of the individual nonoverlapping disturbances. When more than one sphere is involved, the same limitation applies to Stokes law also. In both cases contributions from the walls of the container are also assumed to be absent. 

Fcr piping with air in streamline flow at absolute pressures in the range between 50 microns and 1 millimeter of mercury, the following is a recommended method. Calculation procedures in pressure regions below atmospheric are very limited and often not generally applicable to broad interpretations. 

As indicated in Section 3.7.9, this definition of ReMR may be used to determine the limit of stable streamline flow. The transition value (R ur)c is approximately the same as for a Newtonian fluid, but there is some evidence that, for moderately shear-thinning fluids, streamline flow may persist to somewhat higher values. Putting n = 1 in equation 3,140 leads to the standard definition of the Reynolds number. 

The structure of a bubble-shaped lean limit propane flame (Le > 1) is different. At the flame front inflow, the streamlines are much less divergent and soon converge again. 

Streamlines of lean limit flames propagating upward in (a) methane/air and (b) propane/air mixtures (flame coordinates). 

This chapter has provided an overview of the main issues for computing and computational methods to support this work. For the past decade or so, the main limitations that have emerged are not in the amount or type of computational hardware that is available. The real issues are in providing a computational environment for informatics support and streamlining of the calculations. It is here that major efforts are still required to ensure effective integration of the methods and data generated into the drug discovery process. 

There are a number of solutions that have been proposed to address the limitations on throughput in PK assays, including cassette dosing [37], where typically five compounds are dosed in a mixture, pooling of plasma samples from multiple animals receiving a specific dose, or the cassette-accelerated rapid rat screen where the processing of samples is streamlined [38]. 

FTIR instrumentation is mature. A typical routine mid-IR spectrometer has KBr optics, best resolution of around 1cm-1, and a room temperature DTGS detector. Noise levels below 0.1 % T peak-to-peak can be achieved in a few seconds. The sample compartment will accommodate a variety of sampling accessories such as those for ATR (attenuated total reflection) and diffuse reflection. At present, IR spectra can be obtained with fast and very fast FTIR interferometers with microscopes, in reflection and microreflection, in diffusion, at very low or very high temperatures, in dilute solutions, etc. Hyphenated IR techniques such as PyFTIR, TG-FTIR, GC-FTIR, HPLC-FTIR and SEC-FTIR (Chapter 7) can simplify many problems and streamline the selection process by doing multiple analyses with one sampling. Solvent absorbance limits flow-through IR spectroscopy cells so as to make them impractical for polymer analysis. Advanced FTIR... 

They recorded such a polarization curve for zinc, for copper in the presence of gelatin and for silver in nitrate solution. Under this mechanism, a negative fluctuation in concentration drives the current density up, resulting in further reduction in interfacial concentration. For this instability to be expressed, the surface concentration must be free to respond to variations in current. As a result, the instability is seen only far from the limiting current, where the interfacial concentration is pinned at zero. At high Peclet numbers, the concentration disturbance is propagated downstream by convection, and the striations follow the streamlines. 

For heat and mass transfer through a stationary or streamline fluid to a single spherical particle, it has been shown in Volume 1, Chapter 9, that the heat and mass transfer coefficients reach limiting low values given by ... 

After the aforementioned reductions, the text was carefully streamlined into a specific form, using a very small vocabulary, namely the extremely limited set of phrases traditionally used... 

Culture of lochia is of limited value in order to streamline these therapies, as specimens will be contaminated with vaginal flora. 

It must be emphasized that this is not a strict LCA method, rather it is the use of the methodology to address key issues in the industries that utilize solvents. Becanse of the large amount of data required by a full LCA, a lot of attention has been directed toward developing a streamlined LCA approach. The goal of streamlining LCA is to reduce the time and cost of doing an LCA withont sacrificing the credibility of the results. A streamlined approach would make LCA more applicable by more users, especially smaller companies that may be limited in resources and unable to condnct LCAs (Curran, 1996). 

---