Lignocellulosic materials fermentation products

Second-generation biofuel technologies make use of a much wider range of biomass feedstock (e.g., forest residues, biomass waste, wood, woodchips, grasses and short rotation crops, etc.) for the production of ethanol biofuels based on the fermentation of lignocellulosic material, while other routes include thermo-chemical processes such as biomass gasification followed by a transformation from gas to liquid (e.g., synthesis) to obtain synthetic fuels similar to diesel. The conversion processes for these routes have been available for decades, but none of them have yet reached a high scale commercial level. 

Economic evaluation of the process revealed that the costs of acetone-butanol fermentation from lignocellulosic materials are strongly dependent on the market value of the by-product lignin (Marchal et al. 1992). 

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