Ligneous materials

Oriental (Powder). Mixt of BlkPdr, K chlorate and ligneous materials such as tanbark, sawdust, etc. Also see Vol 2, C205-R Ref Daniel (1902), 591... 

Titan Dynamite- US Dynamite contg 40—50% NG absorbed by a mixt of K and Na nitrates, sulfur, charcoal and ligneous materials Ref Daniel (1902), 768... 

Wood is defined as the ligneous and compact material forming the branch, the trunk and the roots of trees. Timber is the term dedicated to sawn wood, usually the trunk of the tree, used for construction purposes due to its strength. Timber production has risen to 3340 million m3 worldwide. In Europe, Sweden, Finland... 

Keywords Metal removal Sulfate reduction Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) Ligneous-cellulosic materials Wetlands... 

The objeetive of the present work was to evaluate the use of two ligneous-cellulosic materials, a brown seaweed and sugarcane bagasse, as substrates for SRB growth and to investigate their ability to remove heavy metals simulating constructed wetlands. 

The experimental setup used in the smdy is comprised of one reservoir (10 L), from where the solution is fed, through peristaltie pumps, into two eolumn reactors (0.57 L). Experiments were simultaneously conducted in both columns. The first one (column A) contained 40 g of ligneous-cellulosic material plus inoculum, and the second column (column B) contained just 40 g of ligneous-cellulosic material. The anaerobic sludge used as inoculum was obtained from the bottom of an upward-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor fi-om the effluent of a poultry-processing plant. 

According to Chang et al. [6], when some ligneous cellulosic materials are used as the carbon source (such as hay or straw), the reduction of sulfate with further production of sulfide can be improved with the supplementation of electron donors easily accessible by the microbes, such as sucrose, peptone, and lactate. This can explain the marked increase in the efficiency of metal removal observed in run II, where seaweed was mixed with a certain quantity of sugarcane bagasse. 

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