Ligand-binding Methods

APPENDIX REAL-TIME METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF LIGAND BINDING Method 1. Spectrofluorometric Method Using Antibody to Fluorescein... 

Pedersen, S. E., Lurtz, M. M., Papineni, R. V. L Ligand-binding methods for analysis of ion channel structure and fimction. Methods Enzymol. 1999, 294, 117-135. 

Paramasivan S, Rujan I, Bolton PH (2007) Circular dichroism of quadruplex DNAs Applications to structure, catione effects and ligand binding. Methods 43 324-331... 

Rana BK, Bourne PE, Insel PA (2012) Receptor databases and computational websites for ligand binding. Methods Mol Biol 897 1-13... 

This can really be seen as being an assessment of analytical methods in the presence of four different types of components. It is particularly important, and most often challenging, in ligand-binding methods, which do, of course, form the majority of biomarker assays used in drug development today. 

We have previously calculated conformational free energy differences for a well-suited model system, the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK), which is the best characterized member of the protein kinase family. It has been crystallized in three different conformations and our main focus was on how ligand binding shifts the equilibrium among these ([Helms and McCammon 1997]). As an example using state-of-the-art computational techniques, we summarize the main conclusions of this study and discuss a variety of methods that may be used to extend this study into the dynamic regime of protein domain motion. 

Hansson T, J Mturelius and J Aqvist 1998. Ligand Binding Affinity Prediction by Linear InteracHor Energy Methods. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design 12 27-35. 

Possible applications of MIP membranes are in the field of sensor systems and separation technology. With respect to MIP membrane-based sensors, selective ligand binding to the membrane or selective permeation through the membrane can be used for the generation of a specific signal. Practical chiral separation by MIP membranes still faces reproducibility problems in the preparation methods, as well as mass transfer limitations inside the membrane. To overcome mass transfer limitations, MIP nanoparticles embedded in liquid membranes could be an alternative approach to develop chiral membrane separation by molecular imprinting [44]. 

The methods now used to measure 25-OH-D are competitive protein-ligand binding assays that use either serum globulin (diluted rat serum) (27)28) or a vitamin D-deficient rat kidney... 

---