Lifestyle, loss

Educate the patient on lifestyle modifications, including smoking cessation, diet, weight loss, and exercise. For patients with diabetes mellitus, tight glucose control should be emphasized. 

Moderate weight loss has been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk, as well as delay or prevent the onset of DM in those with pre-diabetes. The recommended primary approach to weight loss is therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC), which integrates a 500 to 1000 kcal/day reduction in calorie intake and... 

The Diabetes Prevention Program was a 3-year study that showed that lifestyle modifications, including exercise (30 minutes/day, 5 days/week) and moderate (5%-10%) weight loss, reduce the probability of developing DM by 58% in patients with pre-diabetes. Results from this study suggest that diet, exercise, and behavior modification are effective in preventing type 2 DM in high-risk patients.14... 

Lifestyle modifications should always be addressed in the management of ED. A healthy diet, increase in regular physical activity, and weight loss are associated with higher IIED scores and an improvement in erectile function.12 The clinician should recommend smoking cessation, reduction in excessive alcohol intake, and discontinuation of the use of illicit drugs. 

Recommend appropriate lifestyle modifications to prevent bone loss. 

Educate the patient on lifestyle modifications that will improve symptoms, including weight loss, if appropriate, and avoidance of ethanol. 

Non-adherence with recommended lifestyle changes may result in unsuccessful weight loss.6,25 Therefore, eliminating these barriers through behavior modification is necessary to gain maximal benefit from both dietary modification and exercise. Components to successful behavioral modification include, but are not limited to, the following steps ... 

A recent meta-analysis evaluated patients at doses of 15 and 30 mg daily. Patients were analyzed for periods of 2 to 24 weeks. The majority of patients enrolled were female, and more than 80% of the patients evaluated received adjunctive modification in lifestyle. An average weight loss of 3.6 kg (7.9 lbs) was demonstrated for patients treated with phentermine compared with placebo. Although modest in amount, this value was statistically significant.37... 

One meta-analysis reviewed patients receiving doses of 75 mg daily during periods of 6 to 52 weeks. Similar to study characteristics for phentermine, the majority of patients enrolled were female, and all patients implemented adjunctive lifestyle modifications. The average additional weight loss observed was 3 kg (6.6 lbs) compared with diet and exercise alone, resulting in a borderline statistically significant difference.37... 

At each follow-up visit, compliance with a healthy lifestyle should be determined, as well as measurement of physical parameters, including weight, blood pressure, and heart rate. Waist circumference should be measured intermittently. A complete assessment also would include identification of adverse drug reactions or drug interactions if weight-loss medications have been initiated. 

Because total cholesterol is composed of cholesterol derived from LDL, VLDL, and HDL, determination of HDL is useful when total plasma cholesterol is elevated. HDL may be elevated by moderate alcohol ingestion (fewer than two drinks per day), physical exercise, smoking cessation, weight loss, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, and terbutaline. HDL may be lowered by smoking, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and drugs such as /1-blockers. 

The primary aim of behavior modification is to help patients choose lifestyles conducive to safe and sustained weight loss. Behavioral therapy is based on principles of human learning, which use stimulus control and reinforcement to substitute desirable for learned, undesirable behavior. 

Differences in digestive ability can reflect different ecological lifestyles of related species. The mountain hare feeds on hirch in winter and grass in summer. when fed birch that is high in phenolics, the hare suffers no sodium loss but detoxifies instead. The European hare does not eat birch in winter but eats grass year round. When forced to eat a high-phenolic diet, it loses much sodium through its urine (lason and Palo, 1991). 

You must use up or give up 3,500 calories to lose one pound. By adjusting your eating habits, you can easily give up 200 to 300 calories a day. If you increase your level of exercise, so that you use up 200 to 300 additional calories, by the end of a week you will have lost a pound. A lifestyle change that nets a weight loss of a pound a week will have you 50 pounds lighter at the end of a year and, as a side benefit, you will be in better shape physically. Use the chart to pick how you will use up additional calories. 

Male baldness manifests itself on the crown of the head and at the temples, and it will progress until most of the scalp is hairless. This loss of hair has little to do with lifestyle, but partly to do with race baldness afflicts 50% of white males, 22% of orientals, and 18% of black males. Equally important are the man s genes which govern production of the male hormone testosterone and its conversion to its more active form di-hydro-testosteroneS by the enzyme y a-reductase which... 

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