Li-Air Battery

Battery applications Titanium containing y-Mn02 (TM) hollow spheres synthesis and catalytic activities in Li-air batteries [123] Orthorhombic LiMn02 nanorods for lithium ion battery application [124] Electrochemical characterization of MnOOH-carbon nanocomposite cathodes for metal—air batteries [125] Electrocatalytic activity of nanosized manganite [126]... 

Mizuno, R Nakanishi, S. Kotam, Y. Yokoishi, S. Iba, H., Rechargeable Li-air batteries with carbonate-based liquid electrolytes.. Electrochemistry, 2010,78,403 05. 

Oxygen reduction cathodes for Li-air batteries The main cathode material for Li-air batteries is carbon, which serves as the substrate on which the main oxygen reduction product (in the presence of Li ions), Li202, precipitates. The carbonaceous materials used for Li-air batteries may be decorated with particles of catalysts, e.g., Mn02 [8]. 

It should be noted that without a full understanding of the surface chemistry of oxygen electrodes in aprotic Li-salt solntions, it will not be possible to advance R D of Li-air battery technology towards any practical direction. 

OEMS has been used extensively for the study of gases formed during either the rednctive or oxidative decomposition of battery electrolytes on electrode surfaces, as well as the dependence of their formation rates on the electrochemical potential. The resnlts have been nsed to identify reaction mechanisms that lead to a better nnderstanding of decomposition layers in various electrode materials [80-87], as well as modifications that alleviate or snppress undesired processes [88-95]. This analytical techniqne has been recently nsed to detect the efficiency of oxygen reduction and evolntion reactions in nonaqneons solvents [96,97], which is of interest in the assessment of the viability of the Li/air battery concept. By leveraging the sensitivity to isotopes of MS, it was possible to trace gas formation back to either electrolyte decomposition or oxygen electrochemical reactions [98,99]. 

Bryantsev, V. S. Eaghoni, E., Predicting autoxidation stability of ether- and amide-based electrolyte solvents for Li-air batteries, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2012,116, 7128-7138. 

In this chapter we restrict our review to research that has been done on the stability of fully aprotic liquid electrolytes for Li-air batteries. The review includes both experimental and computational aspects of this work, although the emphasis is on theoretical aspects. In the second section we review the basics of Li-air batteries and the electrochonical reactions involved in their operation and how they relate to the electrolyte. In the third section we review electronic structure methods for investigations of electrolytes. In the fourth section we discuss some of the initial Li-air... 

The design of a typical aprotic Li-air battery is shown in Fig. 10.1. The cell is composed of a metallic Li-anode, an electrolyte consisting of dissolved Li-salt in an aprotic solvent, and a porous 02-breathing cathode that contains carbon particles... 

There are a variety of methods for use in modeling of electrolytes in Li-air batteries, which have already been widely used in modeling of electrolytes and related SEl formation in Li-ion batteries [11-18], The methods that have been used for electrolytes in Li-ion batteries largely have utilized electronic structure or molecular dynamics methods. Since Li-air modeling reported so far has largely been based on electronic strncmre methods, a brief review of different levels of theory is given in this section. 

In contrast to the Li-ion battery, the practical considerations of aprotic electrolytes used in Li-air battery are not limited to thermal stability, ionic transport, inertness towards electrode materials, and practical electrochemical window, but also include the reversibility issue of the formation of active materials that involves the subtle electrochemical reactions between the aprotic electrolytes and the reduced O2... 

Li-air batteries potentially can offer substantial increase in specific energy relative to today s most advanced Li-ion battery. At present, much remains to be learned about the fundamental chemistry behind Li-air batteries. Among these is the role of the electrolyte in the electrochemical formation and decomposition of lithium oxides. Compared to Li-ion batteries, the Li-airajj batteries are a relatively new concept and many problems remain to be solved. One of the key problems is the stability of the electrolytes on which this chapter is focused. The electrolyte stability is an issue... 

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