Level 4: external value chain

Using Models to Improve the Supply Chain Level 4 External Value Chain... 

Level 4, external value chain, focuses on the consumer with partners and establishes inter-enterprise synchronization. 

Depending on the business model(s) chosen, companies need to define their specific innovation headroom . This includes answering questions such as how important are innovations in the segment What do strategic customers need Should companies go for innovation in technology, service offerings, or in the value chain What does that imply for R D capacities and skills How can R D best collaborate with marketing and sales, (potential) customers, and external research institutes What level of external versus internal R D is required ... 

Vanhaverbeke [21] argues that the open innovation business model should be based on integration of theoretical frameworks, like value chain analysis, transaction-costs theory, rational view of the firm, and the resource-based view (RBV). In addition, governance of iimovation networks, on internal, firm and external level, needs to be studied. Networks or supply chains that will eventually produce the product need to be designed also with appropriate governance (see also Sect. 2.4). 

A theoretical description of all the factors controlling the effect of processing conditions on polymer structure and properties is extremely complex because of the need to consider a wide variety of different factors such as polymer concentration, molecular weight, as well as external variables (time, temperature, pressin-e). In view of this complexity, this work has focused on the development of kinetic Monte-Carlo lattice models. These models are mesoscopic in the sense that the imit lattice length is of the order of the statistical segment length for the polymer chain and atomic level details are omitted. The objective of this review is to describe these models in some detail and show their value in getting a better... 

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