Lepiota

Meunier, B.C., Camus, C.M., Houssin, D.P., Messner, M.J., Gerault, A.M. and Launois, B.G. (1995). Liver transplantation after severe poisoning due to amatoxin-containing Lepiota - report of three cases, J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol., 33, 165-171. 

Puig Hernandez, A., Chumillas Cordoba, C., Camprodon Calveras, J., de Francisco Enciso, E.F., Marco, M.P. and Ferran Martinez, G. (2001). Lepiota brunneoin-carnata fatal intoxication, An. Med. Interna, 18, 481-482. 

Ramirez, P., Parrilla, P., Sanchez Bueno, F., Robles, R., Pons, J.A., Bixquert, V., Nicolas, S., Nunez, R., Alegria, M. S. and Miras, M. (1994). Fulminant hepatic failure after Lepiota poisoning, J. Hepatol., 19, 51-54. 

Chlorophyllum Molybdites Common Name(s) Green Gill, Green Spored Lepiota, Green-Spored Parasol Poison Paresthesine... 

There are some edible mushrooms in the genus, but they should be avoided by the unskilled hunter due to the possibility of confusion with Amanita species. Those without the proper Knowledge skill have a DC25 when trying to gather an edible Lepiota, otherwise they will pick a toxic Lepiota or Amanita when foraging. 

Common Name(s) Yellow Lepiota Poison Amanitin... 

Prefatory quotation (presumably from the mushroom "Deva") in Peele, S.L. (1982). Lepiota Peele — a newly discovered hallucinogenic mushroom. Xerox sheet, Florida Mycology Research Center, Pensacola... 

Glutaminergic — Amanita muscaria and yantherina Convulsive — Gyromitra species Hallucinogenic — Psilocybe species and Lepiota species ... 

The most serious form ofmycetism is produced by Amanita phalloides, other Amanita species, Lepiota, and Galerina species. These species account for >90% of fatal cases. Ingestion of as little as 50 g of A. phalloides (deadly nightcap) can be fatal. The principal toxins are the amatoxins (a- and (3-amanitin), a group of cyclic octapeptides that inhibit RNA polymerase 11 and hence... 

Singer (1963) reported that mycelium implanted in beds of horse manure/straw compost for 7-14 months produced mushrooms directly after the appearance of rhizomorphs. J. Garbaye etal. (1 979) published data indicating that the supplementation of natural patches with a NPKCa mineral fertilization induced large fruitings of L nuda as well as Boletus edulis and Lepiota rachodes. two unrelated species of culinary distinction. 

Amatoxins, heterodetic bicyclic 8-peptides from Amanita species, but also detected in Galerina and Lepiota species, which are responsible for the fatal intoxications by the mentioned toadstools. The toxic peptides are readily absorbed by the intestine, and in humans the lethal dose of amatoxin is 0.1 mg kg body weight, or even lower. The gut cells of humans seem to be the first cells affected, and the intestinal phase begins about 9 h after... 

The simplest unsubstituted indole and its methyl derivative, scatol, were found in some Lepiota and Tricholoma species. The probable biogenetic precursor of all indole metabolites is the amino acid tryptophan, widely distributed in fungi, or its derivative tryptamine, found in some species of Coprinus, Inocybe, Panaeolus, Sacrodon, and Boletus (7). Investigation of a strong biological activity characteristic of an animal hormone function revealed the presence 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), which was found in large amounts in some Panaeolus and Amanita species. 

C6H7CIO3, Mr 162.57, cryst., mp. 68-70°C. A metabolite from cultures of a Lepiota species (Basidiomycetes) cultivated by leaf-cutting ants. L. inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. 

Amatoxins, besides the already mentioned Amanita species, were found also in other mushrooms noted for their toxicity the inconspicuous Galerina species, G. marginata and G. venenata and the Lepiota mushrooms as well, contain these peptides, synthesized not in the carpophore but in the mycelia, most probably through the non-ribosomal pathway. Several hundred more mushrooms have been examined, for instance with the help of the newsprint test, and it is unlikely that further amatoxin accumulating species will be found. Phallotoxins have been detected only in Amanita toadstools. 

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