Length scales, arbitrary distribution

Designing Polymers with an Arbitrary Distribution of Characteristic Length Scales by the Computer-Assisted Irradiation (CAI) Method... 

We begin by considering the inner thermal boundary-layer limit for arbitrary Pr 0(1), but with Pe . The velocity distribution in the vicinity of the body surface is characterized by the length scale... 

Figure 5.12 Finite element analysis of shear stress distribution around a circular pore under biaxial stress, (a) The finite element analysis model, showing a single circular pore in a solid brick, (b) Plot of shear stress along a diagonal line in the model as a function of distance from pore wall. The units are arbitrary and the length scale of the stress field is determined by the pore diameter in the model (10 distance units)...

Morphology with Arbitrary Symmetry and Distribution of Length Scales... 

To ensure that the physics is described in a manner independent of arbitrary choices, it is useful to introduce the scale change rate, also known as the Hubble parameter, defined as // = (dR/dt)/R. Since H has dimensions of velocity divided by length, 1/// is a characteristic time for evolution of the model. For an expanding empty universe, 1 /H would be the time since the beginning of the expansion. Assuming that the distribution of matter on a large scale can be described in terms of a perfect fluid of total density p and pressure p, the coupled evolution of space-time and matter in the GTR are determined by the Friedmann equations. 

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