Legal cases

Legal proceedings. Legal cases could ensue from a few imfor-tunate circumstances. The most common ones relate to grossly unethical behaviour on the part of either mentor or... 

Most clinical labs report BAC in milligrams per deciliter. In legal cases, results are reported in percentage (grams of alcohol per 100 mL of whole blood). Thus, a BAC of 150 mg/dL = 0.15%. 

An interesting legal case ensued in the English High Court [87], where Ethicon (Johnson Johnson) maintained, among other things, that the formation and hydrolytic behaviour of polyglycolide fibres were already known and that it was therefore obvious to use the material as an absorbable suture. The outcome was basically favourable to American Cyanamid. 

Niveau, G. Cannabis-related flashback, a medico-legal case. Encephale 2002 28(1) 77-79. 

Although many of rhe associates whom Forman mentioned were identified by Rowse, more work needs to be done on, for instance, Formans involvement with the recusant community and numerous legal cases Rowse, Forman, esp. chs. 7—10 Traister, Forman, ch. 7. 

The problem of PCB pollution continues into the 21st century. Several legal cases have dominated the media in recent years, such as General Electrics responsibility to remediate the Hudson River and Monsanto s and Solutia s 600 million dollar settlement in 2003 with Alabama over claims concerning Monsanto s Anniston, Alabama plant. 

Should it be necessary, as it sometimes has been in medico-legal cases, to detect the presence of gamboge amongst other vegetal products, os in pills, et, cetera, the following simple, but sure, course of procedure may be adopted —, ... 

Morris, B. and Dadour, I. R. (2005). Forensic entomology The use of insects in legal cases, in Expert Evidence (I. Freckelton and H. Selby, Eds.). Andover, UK Thomson Publishing Services. 

In my clinical practice and in my work as a medical expert in legal cases, I often find that people are dismayed at how much better they function when they have been safely withdrawn from psychiatric medications. Many of these patients have remained for years in severe states of intoxication from one or more psychiatric drugs without realizing it. Attributing their condition to their own emotional reactions or to stresses in the environment, they have asked their doctors for more medication. 

The concept of medication spellbinding occurred to me when I was reviewing a lifetime of clinical and legal cases in the process of writing a new book, Medication Madness... 

Some of the most tragic medical-legal cases I have evaluated began with the patient in effect telling the doctor shortly after starting the medication, I ve never felt better in my life. Too often this signals the start of a drug-induced manic reaction, technically called a substance-induced mood disorder with manic features. 

Determining the identity of an unknown compound is important in all kinds of research. It can even be used to solve crimes. Forensic scientists specialize in analyzing evidence for criminal and legal cases. To understand why forensic scientists might need to find out the molecular formula of a compound, consider the following example. 

In 1979, journalist Fromme predicted that our naturally evolved German legal traditions would be silently restored in about the year 2000 . Isn t it high time that Bockenforde s expert judicial report is finally concluded with the analysis of a concrete legal case 83 No one seems to have the courage to grasp the nettle, neither in the matter of principle nor in the individual case of Gottfried Weise. In this case, a retrial had already been requested in late 1992. A few months later,... 

Sr/ Sr isotope ratios can be used to characterize the authenticity of food. The original isotopic composition of Sr in the biomass should reflect the composition of the environment where the food is produced. The Sr isotope ratio measurement may support the information given by stable isotope ratios of the bioelements (C, O, H, N, S) by adding an independent parameter. In difficult legal cases, the data may be helpful and should be available for food control. Sr/ Sr isotope ratios of milk samples from different origins measured after careful trace/matrix separation by ICP-SFMS are close to the lUPAC table value (0.7099 ) and vary as a function of origin. ... 

Note Legal cases can be obtained at most law libraries or on the Lexis-Nexis database. Federal laws can be obtained at libraries housing federal documents. 

The best way to avoid this situation is to give all directions through the contractor. It is best for the Project Manager, and other Owner s personnel, not to give directions directly to craftsmen. Even an instruction that appears to be the most harmless and innocent can lead to a legal case of co-employership. 

The US Supreme Court also established in 1941, in a legal case over drug adulteration, that responsible individuals in a company can be held personally accountable for the quality of the products manufactured by the company, and that distributors of pharmaceuticals are responsible for the quality of their products, even if they are manufactured elsewhere (3). 

In reporting something new, such as a method for making a compound, a procedm-e for an analysis, or a process for making a physical measurement, the author s description should be adequate to enable one interested, if he so desires, to repeat the work. In the case of U.S. patents, one requirement of patentability is to have the description sufficiently explicit and detailed that one skilled in the art can make or use the object patented. Famous legal cases have involved this point. 

Due to the demand for reliable and comparable methods, performance requirements have been established at a national and international level for implementation of official methods, e.g. by European legislation, by the CEN or the Association of the Analytical Communities (AOAC) International, and worldwide by Codex Alimen-tarius (CAC). Thus any method proposed to be used for official purposes must be validated in a collaborative trial study, resulting in defined method performance characteristics [4], The framework for the design and conduct of such collaborative trial studies, as well as the statistical evaluation, are also defined in appropriate protocols [5]. Any method that has been successfully validated according to these protocols can be recognised as an official method for use in legal cases or for international trade control purposes. 

In the emergency room, a BAC should be ordered in any patient in whom alcohol ingestion is suspected, regardless of the presenting complaint. For clinical purposes, most laboratories report BAC in units of milligrams per decihter. In legal cases, results are reported in percent (grams of ethyl alcohol per 100 ruL of whole blood). For example, a whole blood alcohol level of 150 mg/dL reported in the hospital corresponds to 0.15% BAC obtained by law enforcement. 

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