Lead titanate manganese

Typical electrostrictive materials include such compounds as lead manganese niobate lead titanate (PMN PT) and lead lanthanium 2irconate titanate (PLZT). Electrostriction is a fourth-rank tensor property observed in both centric and acentric insulators (14,15). 

Electrostrictive materials are materials that exhibit a quadratic relationship between mechanical stress and the square of the electnc polarization. Electrostriction can occur in any material. Whenever an electric field is applied, the induced charges attract each other, thus, causing a compressive force. Tlus attraction is independent of the sign of the electnc field. Typical electrostrictive materials include such compounds as lead manganese niobate, lead titanate (PMN FT), and lead lanthanium zirconate titanate (PLZT). 

The Glass and Ceramics Institute of the Spanish CSIC carried out an analytical study of new materials used in structural and electrical ceramics, the stoichiometries and impurity contents of which were highly interesting because of their influence on the physico-chemical properties and service response of the pieces [24]. The specific materials studied were tetragonal zirconia stabilized with ceria and yttria (Y-TZP/Ce) lead titanate modified with gadolinium and doped with manganese (Gd-PT) and lead titanate-zirconate modified with lanthanum (PLZT). The first is a structural ceramic and the other two are electrical ceramics. 

Lead-lithium alloys, 14 779 Lead-lithium-tin alloys, 14 779 Lead magnesium niobate (PMN), 5 583 Lead manganese niobaterlead titanate (PMN PT), 22 713... 

In addition to the above, preparation in w/o microemulsions of nanoparticles of various other types of compounds, viz. silica-coated iron oxide, Fe203-Ag nanocomposite, oxides of ytrium, erbium, neodymium, vanadium and cobalt, titanates of barium and lead, ferrites of barium, strontium, manganese, cobalt and zinc, oxide superconductors, aluminates, zirconium silicate, barium tungstate, phosphates of calcium, aluminium and zinc, carbonates of calcium and barium, sulphides of molybdenum and sodium, selenides of cadmium and silver etc. have been reported. Preparative sources and related elaboration can be found in [24]. 

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