Lead-acid secondary batteries separators

Secondary lead smelting is predominantly based on the treatment of scrap lead-acid batteries, as detailed in Chapter 10. A wide range of smelting methods are used for the treatment of secondary lead, originally based on traditional smelting methods such as the hearth and blast furnace, feeding whole batteries, but are changing under stricter environmental controls to the use of prior separation and specialised reduction in rotary furnaces or newer electrochemical techniques. 

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