Layered Phosphates and Phosphonates

The intercalation of polyaniline into hydrogen uranyl phosphate HUO2PO4.4H2O (HUP) was reported by Liu and Kanatzidis [67]. HUP is a layered material with an interlayerspacing value of 8.69 A. The layers consist of dumb-bell-shaped UO2 ions with uranium further coordinated to four equatorial oxygen atoms of four P04 tetrahedra. The van der 

The intercalation of PANI in zirconium phosphate (ZrP) was also reported by Chang et al. [69]. Different phases of zirconium phosphate, such as y-ZrP, the dihydrogen form of a-ZrP [o -ZrP(HH)], and o -ZrP(NaNa), were intercalated with aniline by either ion-exchange or adsorption, and then polymerized by oxidizing agents such as ammonium peroxydisulfate and iron (III) chloride. The resulting polyaniline nanocomposites showed measurable electrical conductivities, as listed in Table 6.3. 

Chang et al. also reported on the intercalation of aniline into zirconium phosphate sulfophenylphosphonate (ZPS), an organo derivative of a-zirconium phosphate [70]. The hydrophilic (—SO3H) groups in ZPS promote swelling of ZPS, which served as a template for aniline. The aniline-ZPS system was then oxidized with ammonium peroxydisulfate to yield a polyaniline-ZPS composite. However, there is no X-ray evidence that has been provided to support the formation of an intercalated phase. 

The intercalation of PANI into a- and y-zirconium hydrogen phosphates was also reported by Bonnet et al. [71]. These layered structures were partially exchanged with Cu ions, resulting in the formation of phases with compositions, a-ZrCuo.6Ho.8(P04)2.4H20 and y-ZrCuo.7Ho.6(P04)2.4H20. Treatment of these bi-phasic 

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