Layered nanostructure

Switzer JA, Hung C-J, Huang L-Y, Switzer ER, Kammler DR, Golden TD, Bohannan EW (1998) Electrochemical self-assembly of copper/cuprous oxide layered nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 120 3530-3531... 

Electrochemical oscillation during the Cu-Sn alloy electrodeposition reaction was first reported by Survila et al. [33]. They found the oscillation in the course of studies of the electrochemical formation of Cu-Sn alloy from an acidic solution containing a hydrosoluble polymer (Laprol 2402C) as a brightening agent, though the mechanism of the oscillatory instability was not studied. We also studied the oscillation system and revealed that a layered nanostructure is formed in synchronization with the oscillation in a self-organizational manner [25, 26]. 

Switzer et al. found that CU/CU2O layered nanostructures are electrodeposited with spontaneous potential oscillations from alkaline Cu(II)-lactate solution in a self-... 

Bohannan, E. W., Huang, L. Y Miller, F. S., Shumsky, M. G. and Switzer, J. A. (1999) In situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study of potential oscillations during the electrodeposition of CU/CU2O layered nanostructures. Langmuir, 15, 813—818. 

Switzer, J. A., Maune, B. M., Raub, E. R. and Bohannan, E. W. (1999) Negative differential resistance in electrochemicaDy self-assembled layered nanostructures. J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 395-398. 

Self-standing nanostructured two-dimensional polymer films were prepared by in situ photopolymerization of ionic liquid crystalline monomer 11 that forms homeotropic monodomains of the smectic A phase on a glass plate (Figure 25.4). The film of 12 has a macroscopically oriented layered nanostructure as presented in Figure 25.5. 

Figure 6.37. Synthetic scheme for three-layer cross-linked micelles. Shown is the micellation of poly[(ethylene oxide)-block-glycerol monomethacrylate-block-2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PEO-GMA-DEA) triblock copolymers to the final onion-like" layered nanostructure. Reproduced with permission from Liu, S. Weaver, J. V. M. Save, M. Armes, S. P. Langmuir 2002, 18, 8350. Copyright 2002 American Chemical Society.

This results in a sandwich-like structure of PDDA/AChE/PDDA on the MWCNTs surface, which provides a favorable microenvironment to the immobilized AChE. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results confirm the formation of layer-by-layer nanostructures on carboxyl-functionalized MWCNTs (Fig. 3). 

The reverse-imprinting technique can potentially offer a simple method to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) polymer nanostructures. Such 3D structure can be achieved by simply repeating the process and building up the structure in a layer-by-layer fashion. An example of imprinted three-layer nanostructure, using three different polymers with progressively lower Tg, is shown in Fig. Note that this approach can... 

Alam MM, Jenekhe SA (2004) Efficient solar cells from layered nanostructures of donor and acceptor conjugated polymers. Chem Mater 16 4647... 

Wright prepared PEO-based LC polymers having alkyl side chains 6 [64-66] as shown in Fig. 7. The alkyl side chains with linear conformation and coiled PEO chains induce a layered nanostructure, and the complexes of these polymers with lithium salts show conductivities in the order of 10-7 S cm-1 at ambient temperature. 

Layered nanostructures can be deposited from the electrochemical environment by applying a time dependent voltage program to the working electrode (5) or by using a sequential deposition scheme such as electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-ALE) (6-10). In EC-ALE, a surface-limited electrochemical reaction, such as underpotential deposition (upd), is used to synthesize a binary compound by successive deposition of each element from its respective solution precursor. EC-ALE is an attractive electrosynthetic alternative to conventional deposition methods that is inexpensive, operates at ambient temperature and pressure and provides precise film thickness control. This technique promises to overcome many problems associated with other electrosynthetic approaches, such as the formation of highly polycrystalline deposits and interfacial interdiffusion. For example, we have recently used EC-ALE to fabricate stable semiconductor heterojunctions with extremely abrupt interfaces (11). 

Hong J D, Jung B D, Kim CH, Kim K. 2000. Effects of spacer chain lengths on layered nanostructures assembled with main chain azobenzene ionenes and polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 33(21) 7905 7911. 

Fig. 2.5 Schematic diagram of the fabrication process of the two-layer nanostructure. The stacked structure was integrated in a single sample as a solid two-layer structure to avoid experimental difficulty in precisely aligning the individual structures mechanically...

VIII. INTERCALATION OF POLYMERS INTO POROUS AND LAYERED NANOSTRUCTURES... 

Intercalation of Polymers into Porous and Layered Nanostructures 159... 

Layered nanostructures were prepared using liquid-crystalline polymers containing ionic groups MMN or hydrotalcite [AlMg2(OH)2(OH)4]" [0.5 CO3, OH,... 

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