Lateral neurons ablation

Lesions of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) cause anorexia, whereas ablation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) cause a hyperphagic obesity syndrome. Consistent with these results, LHA neurons express the orexigenic neuropeptides MCH and orexin. PVN neurons produce several neuropeptides that are anorex-igenic when administered directly into the brain (CRH, TRH, oxytocin), in addition to their better known roles as endocrine regulators. LHA and PVN receive rich inputs from axons of NPY/AgRP and aMSH/CART-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus. 

If the U neurons are ablated, the aCC axon fails to advance posteriorly along its normal trajectory. If the neuroblast that generates the aCC neuron is ablated, the aCC neuron is bom later in development after this neuroblast is replaced. Despite the subsequent delay in the outgrowth of the aCC... 

Receptors for semiochemicals of lobsters and many other decapod crustaceans are typically restricted to a very limited set of sensors. These are olfactory sensory neurons contained in specialized setae called aesthetascs, localized in the lateral flagellum of the first antenna or antennule (Fig. 12.2). Ablation experiments show the necessity of aesthetascs for the response of lobsters to different types of semiochemicals (Johnson and Atema 2005 Homer et al. 2008 Shabani et al. 2008). The chemosensory neurons innervating the aesthetascs project their axons exclusively to the olfactory lobes, and thus are considered olfactory, while the other setae contain both chemo- and mechanoreceptors that project to the lateral and medial antennular neuropils (Schmidt and Ache 1996a, 1996b) (Schmidt and Mellon, Chap. 7). Many studies showed that receptor sites for semiochemicals are located in the first antenna without showing them to be in aesthetascs (e.g., Raethke et al. 2004 Skog 2009). Detectors of semiochemicals of crayfish have been... 

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