Flagellum lateral

Plausible scenarios—like those for the cilium, flagellum, and immune system in the papers I cited above. In his review of Darwin s Black Box shortly after its publication in 1996 University of Chicago microbiologist James Shapiro declared, There are no detailed Darwinian accounts for the evolution of any fundamental biochemical or cellular system, only a variety of wishful speculations.))33 Ten years later, nothing has changed. Call them wishful speculations or call them plausible scenarios—both just mean a lack of real answers. 

McClain, J., RoUo, D. R, Rushing, B. G., and Bauer, C. E. (2002) Rhodospirillum centenum utilizes separate motor and switch components to control lateral and polar flagellum rotation./. Bacteriol. 184, 2429-2438. 

Fig. 7.2 Schematic representations of chemosensory pathways in the brain, (a) Lateral antennular neuropil (LAN) pathway. dCRNs and MRNs from sensilla on the lateral (LF) and medial (MF) antennular flagellum project somatotopically into both lobes of the LAN and couple directly to antennular motoneurons (MN), (b) Olfactory pathway. ORNs project nontopographically into the olfactory lobe (OL) which is organized into glomeruli. Information is processed by various types of multiglomerular local intemeurons (LN) and output is provided by multiglomerular projections neurons (PN) ascending to the lateral protocerebrum in the eyestalk ganglia...

Fig. 7.6 Physiological properties of dCRNs on the antennules. Responses of an ATP-best (a) and an AMP-best cell (c) on the lateral flagellum of P. argus and mean dose-response curves of 11 ATP-best cells (b) and 7 AMP-best cells (d). The working range of these cells (IO-7—IO-4 M) indicates that under natural conditions they may not respond to distant stimuli. From Carr et al. 1986...

Mellon D, Humphrey JAC (2007) Directional asymmetry in responses of local intemeurons in the crayfish deutocerebrum to hydrodynamic stimulation of the lateral antennular flagellum. J Exp Biol 210 2961-2968... 

Receptors for semiochemicals of lobsters and many other decapod crustaceans are typically restricted to a very limited set of sensors. These are olfactory sensory neurons contained in specialized setae called aesthetascs, localized in the lateral flagellum of the first antenna or antennule (Fig. 12.2). Ablation experiments show the necessity of aesthetascs for the response of lobsters to different types of semiochemicals (Johnson and Atema 2005 Homer et al. 2008 Shabani et al. 2008). The chemosensory neurons innervating the aesthetascs project their axons exclusively to the olfactory lobes, and thus are considered olfactory, while the other setae contain both chemo- and mechanoreceptors that project to the lateral and medial antennular neuropils (Schmidt and Ache 1996a, 1996b) (Schmidt and Mellon, Chap. 7). Many studies showed that receptor sites for semiochemicals are located in the first antenna without showing them to be in aesthetascs (e.g., Raethke et al. 2004 Skog 2009). Detectors of semiochemicals of crayfish have been... 

Kawagishi, I., Maekawa, Y., Atsumi, T., Homma, M. and Imae, Y. (1995). Isolation of the polar and lateral flagellum-defective mutants in Vibrio alginolyticus and identification of their flagellar driving energy sources. /. Bacteriol. 177, 5158-5160. 

A single flagellum is located near the pole. Several flagella are located near the pole. Flagellum (or flagella) is (are) inserted frankly laterally (from the middle of the cell). 

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