Larson model

The Larson model and Larson-type models have been widely used to study micelles [37,111,114-120], amphiphiles at oil/water interfaces [121,122] bilayers [117,123] and various other problems [125-128]. The models differ from each other in the range of the interactions and in the treatment of the amphiphile monomers. Other than in Larson s original model, most authors include only nearest-neighbor interactions, sometimes in combination with a... 

FIG. 6 Configuration snapshot of a spontaneously formed vesicle from doubletailed amphiphiles in the Larson model (a) entire vesicle (b) vesicle cut in half in order to show its inner side. Black circles represent head particles (+1), gray circles tail particles (—1), white circles the neutral connecting particles (0). (From Bernardes [126].)... 

The usual structure of off-lattice chain models is reminiscent of the Larson models the water and oil particles are represented by spheres (beads), and the amphiphiles by chains of spheres which are joined together by harmonic springs... 

FIG. 10 Micelle size distribution for H2T2 surfactants within the Larson model. The dashed lines show fits to the expected form for spherical micelles (main peak) and cylindrical micelles (tail). Inset shows the tail of the distribution on a semi-logarithmic plot to demonstrate the exponential decay predicted for the cylindrical micelles. (From Nelson et al. [120].)... 

The existence of kinks was recently explicitly taken into account by Larson (Fig. 14) as a possible model for chain unravelling in the flow [69]. At the same time, Kausch developed a similar model to explain degradation results measured in transient elongational flow (Fig. 15) [70]. With this difference from the Larson model, kinks in the latter model can support compressive stress chain elastic modulii range from 16 to 110 GPa, depending on the number of defects within the kinked region. 

S.J. Park and R.G. Larson. Modeling the linear viscoelastic properties of metallocene-catalyzed high density polyethylenes with long-chain branching. J. Rheol. 2005, 49, 523-536. 

K. A. Berglund and M. A. Larson. Modeling of Growth Rare Dispersion of Citric Acid Mono-... 

Best overall fit of the Larson model (left), and the Phan Thien-Tanner model (right) to data for a high density polyethylene (circles) in step shear (a), in steady elongation (b), and in step biaxial extension (c). Adapted from Khan and Larson (1987). 

Fig. 3. A model integrated adsorption/electrothermal regeneration/cryogenic vapor recovery system for volatile organic compounds [91]. Reprinted from Gas Sep. Purif, Volume 10, Lordgooei, M., Carmichael, K. R., Kelly, T. W., Rood, M. J. and Larson, S. M., Activated carbon cloth adsorption cryogenic system to recover toxic volatile organic compounds, pp. 123-130, Copyright 1996, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Hogaboam CM, Bone-Larson CL, Lipinski S, et al. Differential monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and chemokine receptor 2 expression by murine lung fibroblasts derived from Thl- and Th2-type pulmonary granuloma models. J Immunol 1999 163(4) 2193-2201. 

General degradation rate models of organics in soils have been described by Hamaker,146 Larson,147 and Rao and Jessup.148 In most instances, biodegradation is the major, but not necessarily the only, process affecting the rate of degradation. 

Frohlich, S., Lotz, M., Larson, B., Lilbbert, A., Schilgerl, K., Seekamp, M., Characterization of a Pilot Plant Airlift Tower Loop Bioreactor III. Evaluation of Local Properties of the Dispersed Gas Phase During Yeast Cultivation and in a Model Media, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 38 56 (1991b)... 

Fig. 8.24. Schematic behaviour of gas mass, total mass and metallicity in the Simple model (left), the extreme inflow model of Larson (1972) (middle) and a model with time-decaying inflow (right). The abscissa is u = /( co(t )dt where o> is the (constant or otherwise) transition probability per unit time for gas to change into stars. The initial mass has been taken as unity in each case.

Numerical modelling of the chemical evolution of the Milky Way and/or similar disk galaxies, taking into account dynamical effects, was pioneered by Larson (1976) and Tinsley and Larson (1978). Because of many uncertainties in the details... 

Show that in Larson s extreme inflow model with initial abundance Z0 = 0, the abundance distribution function is given by... 

Show that, in Larson s extreme inflow model (see Section 8.5.1), assuming infalling material to be pristine with primordial abundances, the deuterium abundance evolves according to... 

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