Large Subunit rDNA

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationship of strain BMEL-2 and related taxa, based on D1/D2 region sequence of the large-subunit rDNA. Bar, 0.01 nucleotide substitution per position.

Fell JW, Boekhout T, Fonseca A et al (2000) Biodiversity and systematics of basidiomycetous yeasts as determined by large-subunit rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence analysis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50 1351-1371... 

Whittington, I.D., Deveney, M.R., Morgan, J.A.T., Chisholm, L.A. and Adlard, R.D. (2004) A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the Capsalidae (Platyhelminthes Monogenea Monopisthocotylea) inferred from large subunit rDNA sequences. Parasitology 1 28, 511-51 9. 

N. Lundholm, Denmark, according to Lundholm and Moestrup. In addition to the identification, representative strains were analyzed for a region (D1-D3) of the nuclear large subunit rDNA gene (LSU rDNA) according to Lundholm et al. °... 

Herzberg, M., Fischer, R., Titze, A. Conflicting results obtained by RAPD-PCR and large subunit rDNA sequences in determining and comparing yeast isolates isolated from flowers a comparison of two methods. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002, 52, 1423-1433. 

With the general adoption of molecular methods (PCR, gene sequencing), it has become possible to identify endophytes without a specialist s expertise. The DNA of the large (26 S, 28 S, 36 S) (LSU) or small (5-8 S, 18 S) (SSU) ribosomal RNA subunits (rDNA) have been the most popular targets for PCR, sequencing and identification. 

Alternatively, some subunit viral vaccines can be generated by rDNA techniques and expressed in a continuous ceU line or insect ceUs. Recent advances in bioreactor design and operation have improved the successful production of IPV in large-scale bioreactors. However, roUer bottles or flasks are stiU used for most current vaccine production. Development of insect ceU culture will allow for very large-scale Hquid suspension culture (143). Several vaccine candidates such as gpl60 for HIV and gD protein for herpes have been demonstrated in the insect ceU culture system. However, no vaccine has been approved for human use. 

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