Large-scale free-fluid

A gas condenses to a liquid if it is cooled sufficiently. Condensation occurs when the average kinetic energy of motion of molecules falls below the value needed for the molecules to move about independently. Thus, the molecules in a liquid are confined to a specific volume by intermolecular forces of attraction. Although they cannot readily escape, liquid molecules remain free to move about within the liquid phase, hi this behavior, liquid molecules behave like the molecules of a gas. The large-scale consequences of the molecular-level properties are apparent. Like gases, liquids are fluid, so they flow easily from place to place. Unlike gases, however, liquids are compact, so they cannot expand or contract significantly. 

Cells are grown either in suspension in a free or immobilized form 102), or by adherence to a solid surface 100). Materials used for promoting surface-dependent cell growth are glasses, metals, plastics, carbohydrate polymers etc. the media used contain substances such as blood plasma, amniotic fluids, tissue extracts, etc.103). Recent developments in animal cell culture are aimed at the improvement of strains and culture techniques, medium optimization, and scale-up. In contrast to plant cell culture, animal cell culture has already found its technical application. Large-scale... 

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