Lanthanide and actinide halides

Table 2 Free energies offormation of some lanthanide and actinide halides...

Values in boldface type are from Durwent and represent his estimates of ihc "best value" and uncertainties for the energies required to break the bonds at 0 K. Where values are not available from Darwent. they arc taken from Brewer and coworkers for metal halides and dihaiidcs (boldface italics) or from Feber for transition metal, lanthanide, and actinide halides (italics). These values represent enthalpies of atomization at 298 K. The remaining values are from Cottrell (Arabic numerals) and other sources (Arabic numerals with superscripts keyed to references at end of table). 

The Absorption Spectra and Excited State Relaxation Properties of Lanthanide and Actinide Halide Vapor Complexes. I. ErCl3(AlCl3L, W.T. Camall, J.P. Hessler, H.R. Hoekstra, and C.W. Williams, J. Chem. Phys. 68, 4304-4309 (1978). 

LANTHANIDE AND ACTINIDE HALIDES AND OXIDE HALIDES 9.3.1 Reactions of phosgene with lanthanide oxide halides... 

Electronic states of diatomic lanthanide and actinide halides 101... 

In this section, we summarize the results of recent experimental and theoretical studies on diatomic lanthanide and actinide halides. It is pointed out that there exists a large set of spectroscopic data on these species. These are already summarized in Huber and Herzberg (1979). The present section is focused primarily on those diatomic molecules for which extensive studies have been made recently. The reader is referred to the excellent book of Huber and Herzberg for previous studies. A recent paper by Gotkis (1991) provides theoretical insight and systematic comparison of bonding in lanthanide halides. 

The lanthanide and actinide halides remain an exceedingly active area of research since 1980 they have been cited in well over 2500 Chemical Abstracts references, with the majority relating to the lanthanides. Lanthanide and actinide halide chemistry has also been reviewed numerous times. The binary lanthanide chlorides, bromides, and iodides were reviewed in this series (Haschke 1979). In that review, which included trihalides (RX3), tetrahalides (RX4), and reduced halides (RX , n < 3), preparative procedures, structural interrelationships, and thermodynamic properties were discussed. Hydrated halides and mixed metal halides were discussed to a lesser extent. The synthesis of scandium, yttrium and the lanthanide trihalides, RX3, where X = F, Cl, Br, and I, with emphasis on the halide hydrates, solution chemistry, and aspects related to enthalpies of solution, were reviewed by Burgess and Kijowski (1981). The binary lanthanide fluorides and mixed fluoride systems, AF — RF3 and AFj — RF3, where A represents the group 1 and group 2 cations, were reviewed in a subsequent Handbook (Greis and Haschke 1982). That review emphasized the close relationship of the structures of these compounds to that of fluorite. 

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