Landfill methane

I. Gas movement. In most cases, over 90 percent of the gas volume produced from the decomposition of sohd wastes consists of methane and carbon dioxide. Although most of the methane escapes to the atmosphere, both methane and carbon dioxide have been found in concentrations of up to 40 percent at lateral distances of up to 120 m (400 ft) from the edges of landfills. Methane can accumulate below buildings or in other enclosed spaces on or close to a sanitaiy landfill. With proper venting, methane should not pose a problem. 

Schumacher, M. M. Landfill Methane Recovery Noyes Data Corporation Park Ridge, NY, 1983. 

Bogner, J. E., and K. A. Spokas, Landfill Methane Rates, Fates, and Role in Global Carbon Cycle, Chemosphere, 26, 1-4 (1993). 

Gas production is considerably greater from commercial landfill methane recovery systems. In 1987, 94 plants (50 operational, 44 scheduled) had an estimated design production of 1.2 x 106 m3/d and an estimated actual production of 0.314 x 106 m3/d, or 114 x 106 m3/yr estimated electric capacity was 231.2 MW (120-123). 

Iceland is ripe for a third transition To fuel its cars, buses, and fishing fleet, the country imports approximately 6 million barrels per year of petroleum.23 At a cost of 30 per barrel, this amounts to 180 million per year. Gasoline and diesel fuel cost roughly 1 per liter ( 3.80 per gallon).24 Without indigenous sources of oil or other transportation fuels (aside from some landfill methane), the development of hydrogen becomes an attractive option. 

In the western world, food is produced, processed, transported, sold, driven home and then, 33% of the time, thrown into the bin for landfill. Then in landfill, methane gas is given off, which is far more destructive than C02. Fresh fruits, vegetables, and salads make up the largest category of waste, according to the The UK s Waste Resources Action Program (WRAP) report, clocking in at 1.4 million ton per year (Moore, 2008). 

To fuel its vehicles and fishing fleet, Iceland imports about 6 million barrels per year of petroleum. Gasoline and diesel fuel cost over 1 per liter or about 4.00 per gallon. There are no sources of oil or other fuels other than some landfill methane on the island. 

Augenstein D.C. Greenhouse Effect Contributions of United States Landfill Methane GRCDA 13th Annual Landfill Gas Symposium Lincolshire Illinois 1990. 

Augenstein, D. (1990) Greenhouse effect contributions to United States landfill methane. Proc. GRCDA 13th Annual Landfill Gas Symposium, March 27-29. GLFG No 0618, GRCDA, Silver Spring, MD. USA. 

Massman, J.W., Moore, J.W. and Sykes, R.M. (1981) Development of computer simulation for landfill methane recovery. Technical Report ANUCNSV-26. Argonne Nat. Lab., US Department of Energy. 

Fuel delivery systems include hydrogen (electrolyzers, bottles, pipelines, reformate and others), natural gas, propane, methanol, ethanol, anaerobic digester gas (ADG), diesel, bio-diesel, gasoline, landfill methane, and jet fuels... 

Pueblo CO (6). From 1992 to 1993, Fuelco operated a small plant (which had been designed by Rentech) at Puelbo. The plant s capacity was about 0.01 Mt per year. The syngas was produced by reforming landfill methane. The plant was later dismantled and shipped to India. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Landfill Methane Outreach Program, EPA-430-F-95-068A, Washington, DC, April 1995. 

Huber-Humer, M., Gebert, ]., Hilger, H., 2008. Biotic systems to mitigate landfill methane emissions. Waste Management Research 26,33-46. 

Huber-Humer, M. 2004 Abatement of landfill methane emissions by microbial oxidation in biocovers made of compost. PhD Thesis, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna. 

ERA 2008. Frequently Asked Questions about Landfill Gas and How It Affects Public Health, Safety, and the Environment, Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) (http //www.epa.gov/lmop/docs/ faqs about LFG.pdf). 

Cabral, A.R., Moreira LEV, Jugnia, L.-B. 2010. Biocover Performance of Landfill Methane Oxidation Experimental Results. Journal of Environmental Engineering 136(8) 785-793. 

Czepiel, P.M., Mosher, B., Crill, P.M. Harriss, R.C. 1996. Quantifying the effect of oxidation on landfill methane emissions. Journal of Geophysical Research D Atmospheres 101(11) 16721-16729. 

Gebert, J., Grongroft, A., a Miehhch, G. 2003. Kinetics of microbial landfill methane oxidation in biofilters. Waste Manage. 23 609. 

Hilger, H., Bogner, I, Adams, B. Hamm, J. 2007. Bio-tarp developing a methanotrophic alternative daily cover to reduce landfill methane emissions. In Eleventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, 1-5 October 2007, S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy. 

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